Annotated Bibliography Andryszewski, Tricia. “Planning the March.” The March on Washington 1963: Gathering to Be Heard, Brookfield, Millbrook Press, 1996, pp. 23-33. This book is about the March on Washington, the growing of the Civil Rights Movement that led to it, and the aftermath of the march. The section of the book that I read was about the leaders that planned the March. This source helped me support my prompt because the “Big Six”, as they were called, were a small group of citizens that changed the world. The Big Six was composed of multiple Civil Rights Movement leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and John Lewis among others. These people organized the March on Washington, which is a famous event that brought the country together. …show more content…
“Little Rock Desegregation Crisis.” American History, ABC-CLIO, 2018, americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/383021. Accessed 10 Jan. 2018. This source was about the events leading up to the Little Rock Nine entering Central High School, and the actions that were taken by the Governor and President at this time. It explained the reactions of students, Orval Faubus, and Dwight D. Eisenhower after the nine students tried to enter the school. This source helped me support my prompt because it showed how the Little Rock Nine, which was composed of a small group of citizens, challenged the racist ideals of Little Rock and created change. They created change by being the first nine black students to attend the formerly all-white Central High School. Although many people disapproved of this, and thought it went against the very morals of America, it created hope for others and was a big step towards school integration. The strengths of this source are explaining the reactions of people, like Daisy Bates, Orval Faubus, and the President. However, the weakness are that it could have gone into more detail about what the students felt, who the Little Rock Nine were, and what the students experienced throughout the year. The point of view in this source was not biased. There were no personal opinions included, only the timeline of events that occurred and the reactions of different groups to the Little Rock Nine. This source included multiple pictures, which were helpful in adding to my understanding of the article. The pictures were of segregationists holding signs in front of, what looks like, a government building, and also of the Little Rock Nine being escorted into Central High
Thesis Martin Luther King, Jr., through the use of eloquent writing and appeals to emotion, refutes several local religious leaders' criticisms of the his and the SCLC's outside involvement and nonviolent direct action taken to draw attention to and build support for the end of segregation, not only in Birmingham, but all of the United States. Main Points First King refutes idea that he is an outside agitator that doesn’t belong in Birmingham, as he and several members of his staff were invited to the city by a local affiliate organization of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He also asserts that his involvement there is valid, as “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere” as communities are connected and affect each other indirectly.
The March trilogy, written by John Lewis and Andrew Aydin, walks us through the life of John Lewis. Mr. Lewis is a very dedicated man who committed much of his life to protecting equality and human rights within the United States. Some might say that without his influence, we might not have desegregated the south yet. From his childhood to this day, John continues to show kindness and love for all. Books 1 and 2 of March show a tremendous number of great examples of courage and leadership but there were three specific events that were the most impactful.
When the Little Rock Nine were met with such fierce racism and hatred but still went to Central High, African Americans were inspired to fight for desegregation
At the time in which segregation was a law, the door of opportunity was shut and it was African American students who opened it. These students were the Little Rock Nine. When they integrated, segregationists did anything they could to prevent it, even breaking the law. As the Little Rock Nine arduously entered Central High, they had no idea their lives would be turned completely upside down. This flip in their lives allowed them to have a voice.
They will change the entirety of the public school system for years to come and now in present day (Hasday). They were very brave kids. They would have to fight the racial war at six-teen years of age. These nine will face the worst hate of any African-American at the time just because they wanted to be like everyone else. Little Rock could be considered one of the most earliest battlegrounds for civil rights in the Untied Stated.
The march on Washington was one of the first major speeches John Lewis gave. On August 28, 1963, Lewis spoke in front of hundreds outside the Lincoln Memorial. He said, “We march today for jobs and freedom, but we have nothing to be proud of,for hundreds and thousands of our brothers are not here, for they are receiving starvation wages, or no wages at all. While we stand here, there are sharecroppers in the fields working for less than three dollars a day. While we stand here, there are students in jail on trumped-up charges.
Rhetoric in March: Book Three March: Book Three, written by Andrew Aydin, John Lewis, is a graphic novel that illustrates the internal and external struggles of civil rights leaders such as, Martin Luther King Jr., and John Lewis. This graphic novel is loaded with rhetoric that helps elucidate the dedicated efforts of civil rights activists. One example of rhetoric that is prominent within the graphic novel is the use of pathos. The appeal of emotion exemplifies the weight that one had to bear in order to support the civil rights movement.
The Progressive Era was a time period between 1890-1920 in U.S. history, where the world was stable and perfect in appearance, but behind the surface, was corrupt. With the Industrial Era also occurring at this very time pollution, poverty, and disease plagued cities. It was the job of muckrakers to expose this corrupt world and unveil it. Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens, and Upton Sinclair were all famous muckrakers of their time. Ida was a journalist who investigated the corruption of businesses, more specifically John.
The graphic memoir, March, is a biography about Congressman John Lewis’ young life in rural Alabama which provides a great insight into lives of black families in 1940s and 50s under Jim Crow and segregation laws. March opens with a violent march at the Edmund Pettus Bridge, which the gruesome acts later became known as “Bloody Sunday,” during this march, 600 peaceful civil rights protestors were attacked by the Alabama state troopers for not listening to their commands. The story then goes back and forth depicts Lewis growing up in rural Alabama and President Obama’s inauguration in 2009. This story of a civil rights pioneer, John Lewis, portrays a strong influence between geography, community, and politics. The correlation between these pillars of March is that they have to coexist with other in order for John Lewis to exist that the world knows today.
Little Rock Nine “They found themselves in the middle of a tug a war between federal and state power”(Kirk). The students hunger for equality sparked a change that would affect America greatly. Little Rock Nine inspired many African Americans to stand up for themselves and stand against racism. They also helped desegregate schools which later lead to the desegregation of other public areas. Little Rock Nine was an inspiration to the 1960’s as seen through their background, impact, and contributions.
Even though the media displayed false information about the 1957 integration of Little Rock Central High School it changed peoples views on segregation. In A Mighty Long Way Little Rock, Arkansas nine African American students wanted to go to a well educated high school but they do not understand why so many people are angered that they are just getting a better education. During the integration of Little Rock Central High School in 1957, the media illuminated certain events and painted an inaccurate or incomplete picture of other events. The media illuminates many important events that show how racist white people are treating black people and showing people in the North who are against segregation and support integration.
March Rhetorical Analysis The 1960’s civil rights movement often used persuasive language to echo the unheard voices of many individuals. Some more than others possessed the ability to exercise their potent use of language to bring forward prominent changes. In the book, March by John Lewis and Andrew Aydin, eloquent methods of speech play an important role. John Lewis, Martin Luther King, and George Wallace are some that expressed their beliefs through persuasive empowering words.
When the news media reported on this picture it showed the rest of the world that many people in Little Rock were against integration and they would heckle the Little Rock Nine, so they wouldn’t want to go to Central. The news media also captured many people’s reactions to the Little Rock Nine going into Central. Benjamin Fine who
First off, the governor closed all the schools in Little Rock, so no one could attend. Not only were all the students greatly affected, but the families of the Little Rock Nine had the more major punishments. Many of them were quickly fired from their jobs to reduce more conflicts with business. Once the schools were finally opened back up, each of the nine students were separated throughout the different schools, which caused even more awareness that schools needed to become desegregated. The impact that the Little Rock Nine had on today is the fact schools are all officially desegregated.
In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. led a peaceful movement in Birmingham, Alabama. The purpose of the demonstration was to bring awareness and end to racial disparity in Birmingham. Later that night, King and his followers were detained by city authorities. While in custody, King wrote the famous “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” This letter voiced out his disappointment in the criticisms, and oppositions that the general public and clergy peers obtained.