The Knee Joint

It’s a weight-bearing joint that straightens bends, twist and rotates. All this motion increases risk of acute or overuse knee injuries. Acute knee injuries including torn ligaments and torn cartilage are often caused by twisting the knee or falling. Sports that involve running

It is commonly caused by sudden stretching, repeated and overused a tendon with strain of a particular movement over time which injures the connection between the tendon and its bone or muscle. In the majority of cases, tendinitis develops in people whose jobs or hobbies involve repetitive movements; aggravating the tendons. There are several tendons in the shoulder that can be overused or stretched, and usually a shoulder will have more than one injury at a time which can also contribute to elbow and arm problems when its moved. Some people may find it painful to lie on the affected shoulder at night. Achilles tendinitis may also be caused by ill-fitting shoes, or those that do not properly support the foot.

It is a case wherein the extensor tendon that crosses the distal interphalageal joint or DIP responsible for the straightening of the finger is damaged, causing the finger to be deformed. A flexion force applied on the tip of the extended finger pushes the DIP to flex. It usually happens on many athletes. This occurs when an object, for example a ball with a high velocity strikes the finger creating a huge impact to the bones and forcibly bends it. A worse thing can happen, when the force is greater it may pull away a bone along with the tendon.

Open Fracture An open fracture is a dangerous type of injury because it is often associated with other types of body trauma. Its severity may vary from a small visible wound to overt physical trauma that shows seriously damaged bones, muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Open fractures involve broken bones that are exposed to the environment and are at risk for contamination and infection.

The periosteum consists of an outer fibroblast layer and an inner osteogenetic layer (cambium layer). There are blood and lymph vessels and nerves in the periosteum and it plays a critical role in bone healing. In children, periosteum has greater osteogenic potential than in adults (), which allows children’s fractures to be treated more conservatively than adults’ fractures (). In children, the periosteum separates from the bone more easily than in adults (). The periosteum initiates fracture healing, producing new bone rapidly.

Conventionally, jumper’s knee can be noted as a patellofemoral pain syndrome. The teno-osseous junctions, where the attachments of the quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon occur, are the impacted areas under this condition. The described patellar pain affects the quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon inserted either into the tibial tuberosity or the patella (Curwin and Stanish, 1984). Thus, by definition, histologically, jumper’s knee

Rotator cuff injuries are pretty popular and happen to a lot of people. Basically, the two most common types of injury for the rotator cuffs are tears and impingements. Impingements on the shoulder occurs when the soft tissues of your rotator cuff become inflamed and swollen. When this happens, there will be an expansion in size and this will make movement of the shoulders a little bit difficult. This will cause pinching between the shoulder blade and the arm bone when you try to move your shoulders.

This provides a connect point for several of the hip muscles. A tight iliotibial band can cause hip and knee problems. A special type of ligament forms a unique structure inside the hip called the labrum. The labrum is completely attached to the edge of the acetabulum. Damage or injured labrum can cause pain and clicking in hip

Another injury which patients have is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is when a bone softens and is easily damaged or easily misplaced in another part of your body. The main consequence of osteoporosis is bone fracture. The third most common problems that people have is excess purine. Patients in Malaysia tend to have too much purine in their body.

There is a decrease in pain and an increase in movement after patients have experienced the ultrasound therapy (Yavuz et al., 319). The study conducted by Kumar et al (2014), shows that the ultrasound therapy method has potential to prevent and manage glenohumeral subluxation in patients after a stroke as shoulder subluxation occurred less frequently after an ultrasound was conducted. Functional electrical stimulation has also been applied to patients with shoulder pain. FES has been applied to the supraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscles as these muscles affect shoulder subluxation (Somyung et al., 70). Shoulder subluxation is a very painful and serious injury as these treatments try to decrease patient pain and increase mobility of the

The third type of genu recurvatum is non-rotatory deformity recurvatum where the ankle and foot are normal just the knee is hyperextended. This type of genu recurvatum produces stress to the posterior soft tissue of the knee (Credi, 2014). There are people who train to become hyperextended because of the advantage it gives them in certain sports. All though the process is dangerous, the athletes that usually train to get genu recurvatum are children

An Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) sprain is one of the most common injuries of the ankle and is a common injury in the fast majority of sports. Ankle sprains account for up to 10-30% of sports injuries. (4…..) The sprain often occurs when the footballer lands on uneven ground, for example the opposing players’ foot, or mis-steps. (5…….)

Often the professional activities and sports can affect the evolution of the disease. For instance, it is found frequently osteoarthritis of the shoulder, elbow and hand in those who are involved the use of jackhammers. In any case it is to be aware of other causes, such as the age, which entails a loss of elasticity and the onset of osteoporosis. There are some diseases that affect the endocrine system and which may be considered influential, such as diabetes mellitus and gout.

If a patient has herniated disc or protruding intervertebral disc, traction can reduce pressure over the nerve root. Studies show that this strategy is not effective for everyone. Heat, ice, or ultrasound is a good combination to use along with traction for herniated disc. Nerve root compression generally happens along with herniated disc. Cervical traction could help to widen the openings to give more space to the nerves to relieve symptoms, but if chronic, a patient should get plenty of rest, wear a neck brace, and over the counter medications.

These injuries are from being hit or pushed directly to either side of the knee which will cause a sprain to which ever side has been hit. There