Anterior Cruciate Ligar Research Paper

Tested For: The varus and valgus tests for the elbow are stress tests utilized to assess the structural integrity of ligaments of the elbow. Specifically, assessment of damage to the radial (lateral) collateral ligament of the elbow is conducted with the varus stress test and the ulnar (medial) collateral ligament of the elbow is conducted with the valgus stress test. Test Performance: Performance of the varus and valgus stress tests for the elbow are outlined below with the specific differences in clinician position and action, followed by outcomes and interpretations: ● Pt. initial testing position: Sitting relaxed in a chair or at edge of bed with the test elbow flexed from 20° to 30° and the test forearm supinated. (Both tests) ● Clinician

Elbow Injuries Tennis Elbow: This injury is called tennis elbow due to the problem being significant for tennis players. Tennis Elbow is caused by the overuse of the arm, forearm and hand muscles. The abrupt or subtle injury off the muscle or tendon area around the outside of the elbow, is a major contributor to the pain that people who have tennis elbow receives. The area where the muscles and tendons of the forearm attaches to the outside of the bony area (lateral epicondyle) is where it is affected. Tennis players mostly receives this injury on their dominant arm but it can occur or either arm.

Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in sports . Seventy five percent of these injury cause is an inversion trauma1.Acute Ankle trauma is responsible for 10-30 percent of sports common in young athletes 2, Predominantly in athletes participating in running and jumping sports 3. The acute injury consists of damage to the lateral ligament and results in pain, swelling, and limitation of movement 4. The inability to dorsiflex is thought to be indicative of a severe ankle sprain injury5 and is often a complication of these injuries on follow-up6. Restriction of dorsiflexion would normally be expected gait limit and other functional activities.

I have been a runner for most of my life and, as would be expected, I am now experiencing a knee problem. It appears from an X-ray that there is no bone issue, so it must be soft tissue. The knee is a very complex part of our body and each interconnecting part is vital to the smooth movement of what really props up our bodies. I have looked at the options for someone with a knee problem. They are not always as rosy as they appear.

The lateral and medial collateral ligaments The collateral ligaments, found in the ankle, consist of three main bands on the lateral and nedial aspect. There are a number of bands that accompany the collateral ligaments. The lateral collateral ligaments are comprised of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATL), the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and the posterior talofibular ligament. The supplementary bands that are related with the lateral compound are the lateral talocalcaneal ligament (LTCL), and the posterior intermalleolar ligament.

The Achilles tendon is a band of fibrous tissue that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. The two-calf muscles that attaches to the heel bone are the gastrocnemius and soleus. The Achilles tendon lower part of the calf that attaches to the calcaneus. The Achilles tendon allows to stand, run, or jump while being on our toes. While doing any movement the calf muscles flex and pull on the heel.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury of the Thumb A ligament is a strong band of tissue that connects and supports bones. Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury happens when the UCL at the base of the thumb is stretched or torn. A tear can be either partial or complete. The severity of the injury depends on how much of the ligament was damaged or torn.

Tennis Injuries There are various types of injuries that occur in tennis. Tennis is a sport that consists of multiple motions including starting, stopping, sprinting, and motions that compress the spine such as the serve. Because the entire body is active in this sport, almost all of the body is susceptible to injury. The regions that will be mentioned in the following section are the upper extremities, the lower extremities, and the trunk region.

A variety of shoulder disorders are associated with the acromin. (GILL, MCIRVIN, KOCHER et al., 2002; TUCKER and SNYDER, 2004; HAMID, OMID, YAMAGUCHI et al., 2012) and its morphology is an important tool in pathology diagnosis. The shoulder is a complex joint that allows movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external and internal rotations. (Describe the anatomy of the joint- refer last, Grays anatomy) Variations in the architecture of the acromium is the primary etiologic factor in impingement syndrome’s pathogenesis, leading to potential rotator cuff disease.

The knee joint is one of the strongest and most important joints in the human body. It allows the lower leg to move relative to the thigh while supporting the body’s weight (Taylor, n.d.) as knee joint is one of the major weights bearing joint in the body. Knee joint plays an important role in our daily lives such as walking, running, sitting and standing. It allows physiological movement such as flexion and extension.

Without a doubt, there has always been a great risk of injury while participating in contact sports. The participants involved in any contact sporting event are always susceptible to being injured. These participants are completely aware of the everyday risk, but the energy that these sports bring, keep them going regardless. Over the years, there have been countless numbers of injuries due to the nature of these sports, but still millions of people young to old gain interest everyday. While people young to old are gaining interest everyday to contact sports many parents of young children are being faced with the issue either to allow their children to participate in often dangerous sports.