Antioxidants Lab Report
In this experiment, antioxidants and vitamins were involved. Antioxidants are molecules which can safely interact with free radicals and terminate the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged. Although there are several enzyme systems within the body that scavenge free radicals, the principle micronutrient (vitamin) antioxidants are vitamin E, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. Additionally, selenium, a trace metal that is required for proper function of one of the body 's antioxidant enzyme systems, is sometimes included in this category. The body cannot manufacture these micronutrients so they must be supplied in the diet. Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen …show more content…
In most cases, all you need to fulfill your body 's quota for antioxidants is a healthy and balanced diet. In fact, it 's a good idea to talk to your doctor before increasing your intake of any supplement. Some examples of antioxidants are Vitamin E, C, and A. Vitamin E is a d-alpha tocopherol. It is a fat soluble vitamin present in nuts, seeds, vegetable and fish oils, whole grains (esp. wheat germ), fortified cereals, and apricots. Current recommended daily allowance (RDA) is 15 IU per day for men and 12 IU per day for women. Vitamin C is an ascorbic acid is a water soluble vitamin present in citrus fruits and juices, green peppers, cabbage, spinach, broccoli, kale, cantaloupe, kiwi, and strawberries. The RDA is 60 mg per day. Intake above 2000 mg may be associated with adverse side effects in some individuals. Beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin A (retinol) and is present in liver, egg yolk, milk, butter, spinach, carrots, squash, broccoli, yams, tomato, cantaloupe, peaches, and grains. (NOTE: Vitamin A has no antioxidant properties and can be quite toxic when taken in excess.). Some examples of free radicals in the environment are Hydroxyl, Superoxide, Hydroperoxyl, Alkoxyl, Peroxyl. Antioxidants fight the damage of
Nt1310 Unit 1 Assignment
854 Words | 4 PagesAssignment #3 Two vitamins that I do not meet the guidelines for daily consumption from the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans are vitamins A and D, which are both fat-soluble vitamins. The primary function of vitamin A is maintaining the function of the cells that line the lungs, stomach, urinary tract and bladder, intestines, vagina, vision, skin and immune function. Having a low intake of vitamin A could increase my risk of vision problems such as age related macular degeneration due an inadequate amount of carotenoids such as lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotenes. The recommended amount for me according the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for Vitamin A-RAE is 700 mcg and for my weekly average I consumed 279.2. If this vitamin is taken in excess it can have harmful effects such as liver toxicity and birth defects.
Horseradish Peroxidase Lab Report
1090 Words | 5 PagesABSTRACT To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will grab on (bind) to one or more reactant molecules. In this experiment we examined how increasing the volume of the extract added to the reaction would affect the rate of the reaction. The enzyme used was horseradish peroxidase which helps catalyze hydrogen peroxide. Using different pH levels, the absorbance rate of the reaction was measured to see at which condition the enzyme worked best. The rates of absorption were calculated using a spectrophotometer in 20 second intervals up to 120 seconds.
Vitamin Level 2 Unit 2
474 Words | 2 PagesThe recommended daily amounts or recommended daily allowances (RDA) are provided by different government agencies. Vitamins we can produce vitamin D which is formed in the skin from exposure to sunlight and vitamin K, B1, B12 and folic acid by intestinal flora but are too small quantities to meet the requirements. They are related mainly to the processes of formation or maintenance of tissue structures, immune processes and antioxidant activity. Of these, vitamins A and E participating in the protection of cellular and subcellular membranes, while vitamins D and K are involved in the synthesis of proteins specific linked to the metabolism of calcium and
Write An Essay On Astaxanthin
1538 Words | 7 PagesThe antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured on the basis of the scavenging activity of the stable DPPH free radical (as cited in Dong et al., 2014). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of astaxanthin through DPPH assay was modified according to the procedures reported by Lewis (2012). 12 mls of 0.1 mM DPPH solution with methanol was prepared. A measurement of 0.005 g of DPPH was added to 12 mls of methanol which was measured with a graduated cylinder into a small foil-wrapped flask. A number of 11 two ml microcentrifuge tubes were assembled and was labeled as: Tubes 1a-c through 3a-c: Product Extract Dilution 1 through 3 (repeat three times for 9 tubes), Tube 4: Positive control, α-tocopherol and Tube 5: Negative control, solvent only.
Catechol Oxidase Lab Report
642 Words | 3 PagesThere are few vegetables and fruits that turns to the color brown if their surface is exposed to oxygen. Once the veggies or fruits been exposed to oxygen, then the browning begins to appear, and electrons and hydrogen will be removed. This happens because of an enzyme called catechol oxidase. The enzyme will act on its substrate catechol to form a yellow compound which then reacts with the oxygen in the air and change into benzoquinone. The more concentration of the enzyme, the more browning appears.
Enzyme Turnip Peroxidase Lab Report
1117 Words | 5 PagesThe effect of pH on the speed of enzyme interaction with substrate chemicals Hypothesis: About pH: If the pH level is less than 5, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will be slower. About temperature: If the temperature stays the same, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will not be completely affected. Background information: The function of enzymes is to speed up the biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, they do this by colliding with the substrate.
Grapefruit Benefits
746 Words | 3 PagesFree radicals impair the appearance of your skin. For a healthy and elastic skin is not necessary to reach for expensive cosmetic products. Start your day with grapefruit. 2. Pectin is a component of grapefruit, which helps in lowering the levels of bad cholesterol, reduces the risk of atherosclerosis and thus affects the better work of the entire cardiovascular system.
Essay On Fountain Of Youth
1172 Words | 5 PagesFoods with antioxidants which we use regularly include Blueberries, Pomegranates, Acai berries, Spinach, Raspberries, Nuts, Seeds, Purple grapes, Dark chocolate (70% or higher of cocoa content) and Organic green
Susan Sullivan Vitamin A Summary
521 Words | 3 PagesThe article, "Vitamin A", is written by Susan Sullivan, who is the associate director of the University of Maine. Vitamin A is a major nutrient associated with healthy skin and eyes, growth, and immune system function. It is essential for reproduction and the growth of children. Ms. Sullivan writes about the different forms, symptoms of deficiency, toxicity, and the history of vitamin A. The article main purpose is to provide information on the importance of vitamin A to your body if you follow the United States National Academy of Medicine's recommendation of dietary allowance.
Free Radical Research Paper
1019 Words | 5 PagesFree radicals contain an electron (e–) as in case of superoxide (•O2–) radical and the hydroxyl radical (•OH) whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a non-radical do not contains electron in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and organic hydroperoxides (ROOH). Radicals can react with other radicals or with non-radicals depending on availability of (e–). Initiation of free radical chain reaction occurs if polyunsaturated fatty acid is attacked by free radicals. This phenomenon occurs due to abundant molecular oxygen (O2) presence which reacts rapidly with free radicals. By-product of normal aerobic metabolites as superoxide radical (•O2–) are produced by addition of one electron to O2 (a univalent reduction of O2).
Persuasive Essay: Why Chocolate Is Bad For Our Health
894 Words | 4 PagesA comparative research study has give evident that cocoa have higher antioxidant activity than black tea, green tea, and red wine. iii. Antioxidants help to neutralize the oxygen-based free radicals that are present in the body. iv. Free radicals are associated with human disease, including cancer, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer 's disease, Parkinson 's disease and many others.
Macronutrients Essay
1098 Words | 5 PagesVitamin A: 0.7mg a day for men. 0.6mg for women is the recommended daily amount. 1.5mg or more per day can result in affecting bones and making them more likely to gain a fracture when older. Vitamin C: Vitamin D: Vitamin E: Minerals: calcium, potassium, iron, sodium and magnesium are macro minerals. 4% of body is made up of minerals.
Benzoic Acid Lab Report
767 Words | 4 PagesAbstract The unknown concentration of benzoic acid used when titrated with standardized 0.1031M NaOH and the solubility was calculated at two different temperatures (20◦C and 30◦C). With the aid of the Van’t Hoff equation, the enthalpy of solution of benzoic acid at those temperatures was determined as 10.82 KJ. This compares well with the value of 10.27KJ found in the literature.
Why Is Rda Important
858 Words | 4 PagesYou need between 8 and 18 mg of iron each day, depending on your gender. When we think of vitamin C, we often think about oranges and other citrus fruits to boost our immune system, but vitamin C is also important for oral health. Too little of this nutrient could leave you with bleeding gums and loose teeth. While getting your vitamin C can come in the form of citrus fruits, it is also available in raw red peppers as well as in sweet potatoes. You need 75-90 mg of vitamin C each day, depending on whether you are male or female.
Vegetarian Disadvantages
853 Words | 4 PagesTwo-thirds of protein comes from meat, fish, eggs and dairy food. Eating fish protects against a number of conditions including heart disease and high cholesterol Iron from animal sources is more easily absorbed than iron from plant sources. Antioxidants found in Vitamin C, Vitamin E and beta carotene are our body's defenses against free radicals - highly-reactive molecules that may lead to premature ageing and disease. People with high intakes of antioxidant-rich fruit and vegetables are about half as likely to get cancer compared with people who have low
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