1. Mood disorders affect how you feel. Typically, everyone experiences changes in mood, but a person with diagnosed mood disorder could have:
a. Problems with personal life
b. Problems with physical health
c. Problems at work
d. All of the above
2. Which of the following is true about the biology of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?
a. The tertiary amines (e.g. imipramine) is typically metabolized by demethylation to the secondary active metabolites (e.g. desipramine) and thus inhibits the reuptake of noradrenaline
b. The tertiary amines (e.g. imipramine) is typically metabolized by methylation to the secondary active metabolites (e.g. desipramine) and thus inhibits the reuptake of serotonin
c. The secondary amines (e.g. imipramine) is typically metabolized by
…show more content…
Lower amount of sunlight during winter months
b. Temperature change during winter months
c. Weight gain during winter months
d. All of the above
13. Which of the following brain regions show the most neuroplasticity throughout life?
a. Hippocampus
b. Hypothalamus
c. Amygdala
d. Prefrontal cortex
14. Which of the following is a major factor when considering odds ratio in major depressive disorder?
a. Race
b. Ethnicity
c. Socioeconomic status
d. None of the above
15. Though not FDA approved for the treatment of depression, ketamine is considered as a rapid acting antidepressant. Ketamine acts as a:
a. Glutamate agonist
b. GABA agonists
c. Glutamate antagonist
d. GABA antagonis
16. Why is there a risk of suicide associated with taking SSRIs?
a. SSRI’s increase depressive symptoms first before they work
b. Patients become even more depressed when SSRI’s fail to work right away
c. SSRI’s improve cognitive functions first so patients improve at planning and decision making before mood states
d. None of the above
17. Serotonin syndrome can be caused by the use of:
a. SSRI’s and Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
b. SSRI’s and tricyclics (TCA)
c. Opiates and MAOI
d. All of the
1-Which of the following theories suggests that the mother becomes an attachment object because she reduces the baby’s primary drive of hunger: a) Psychoanalytic Theory b) Cognitive Developmental Theory c) Learning Theory d) Ethological Theory 2-One of the phases in early development of attachment, Attachment in the making, occurs during the ages: a) 7-24 months of age b) 0-2 months of age c) 24 months on d) 2-7 months of age 3-Which of the following refers to separation protest, wariness of strangers, and intentional communication: a) Preattachment b) Attachment in the making c) Clear-cut attachment d) Goal-corrected partnership 4-Which of the following classifications indicates a child who actively avoids and ignores parent on reunion with
1. Sexual orientation influences a person’s sexual interest and attraction for one another. Men have stronger sexual impulse than women. A man may feel he is too desirable and will use other means to satisfy himself. Emotions are expressed through feelings of love, neurogenic, hormonal issues.
To further exemplify this, “The human body manufactures serotonin, which many researchers believe plays a role in mood balance” (Campbell 1). Antigone takes full accountability for her actions and this is true because of the brain chemicals pushing her to. Additionally, “Serotonin has been labelled the confidence neurochemical. Higher serotonin activity is related to greater feelings of confidence, which in turn gives you the drive to do the things that build self-esteem” (Bishop 11). Serotonin affects the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
If your antidepressant affects the chemical serotonin in the brain, your body will experience physical and emotional symptoms when the medication is discontinued. #*These symptoms are frequently referred to as antidepressant discontinuation syndrome and will affect one in five individuals who are on antidepressants for six weeks or longer.http://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/withdrawal-from-antidepressants #*These symptoms do not indicate addiction to antidepressants as this class of medications is not habit-forming. Rather, they reflect the body 's reaction to suddenly stopping your medication regimen. These symptoms can be prevented or minimized by gradually going off
As with many drugs and medications, there is always a potential present for abuse or tolerance as well. Individuals taking these medications may feel side effects that are both physiological and mental in nature. Patients who have not taken their prescribed medication of have grown a tolerance may also show an increased risk for suicide, which is already a high risk for individuals suffering from
The idea that neural activity and lack of serotonin production can be a propel for depression,
In addition, they having the ability to affect the mood, weight, concentration, sleep might cause unfavorable symptoms. While they balanced in the out of range. Neurotransmitter level might be exhausted in several ways. There are two types of neurotransmitters
Depression is increasing rapidly throughout the United States today. If suicide is the tenth leading cause of death, shouldn’t
Biological Explanations of Depression The biological explanations of depression refers to two factors one being neurotransmitter dysfunction and the other being inherited genes. The biological approach towards the neurotransmitter would explain how depression is associated with low levels of serotonin within the brain which would affect the functioning of the brain. This is associated with maladaptive behavior e.g. anger, mood disorder and anxiety. In terms of inherited genes the biological approach
Charles Barber’s article, “The Medicated Americans: Antidepressants Prescriptions on the Rise,” focuses on the views of “depression” and “Depression” that are caused by antidepressants like Prozac, Paxil, and Norpramin. Barber talks about how people do not understand the differences of depression which causes misdiagnoses and misunderstanding of the two. One meaning of “Depression” is how it is used to do describe a serious medical condition and the other meaning a broad terming meaning feeling down, bummed out, or anything along those lines. A study conducted by the New England Research Institution showed that 43 percent of people who have been prescribed antidepressants did not have any diagnosis of depression or any mental health conditions.
Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology? D. “William James was a legendary teacher-writer who authored an important 1890 psychology text”.(P. 5) 6. The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian B. According to online sources such as Guide Top Psychology and The Atlantic, Sigmund Freud was a physician and professor of medicine, developed his theories about psychoanalysis while studying hysteria and compulsion neurosis.
While serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is supposed to properly control intestinal activity, low serotonin levels are the reasons for sleep disorders, anorexia (eating disorder when people become seriously concerned and obsessed about their weight. The people with this disorder tend to eat very little or no
In Inside Out, one of the effects of adjustment disorder shown in the movie is when Sadness makes memories that once brought happiness now bring a sense of sadness because of Sadness touching them. When asked why Sadness is making Riley sad, she does not want to but cannot help it, and the other emotions do not understand. On the chemical level, the way that depression works using neurotransmitters, think of it as the brain sending a message and it must travel from one brain cell to another. For many years, doctors and researchers thought that depression came from the abnormality of certain neurotransmitters such as serotonin or norepinephrine. However, those two neurotransmitters did not explain the symptoms of major
The brain produces a certain level of neurotransmitters. In the case of depression it is usually the brain produces low levels of serotonin. Serotonin helps regulate sleep, appetite, and mood and inhibits pain. Low levels of a serotonin have been linked to a higher risk for suicide (What causes depression?). Many people would like to disprove this and claim that feelings come from the heart, as people have been saying for years.
So it is almost always a trial and error with these medicines, and the doctor has to decide which one to randomly test out first depending on other factors of their case. Antidepressants give them the option to increase or decrease the milligrams of dose if the lower dose isn’t showing any effect after a month. In David Fisher’s medical journal, he states, “The principle that more severe cases of major depression require higher doses of antidepressants is valid. It also holds true for newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. For example, a study of prescribing patterns across 23,381 prescriptions show that a prescription for higher than the initial dose was required in 6.8% of patients using fluoxetine, 21.1% of patients taking paroxetine, and 51% of patients taking sertraline” (Fish 826).