Apush Chapter 4 Essay

1. Male gaze – the sexual objectification of the female body by an empowered viewer

2. Art music – music created by a culturally respected individual, often associated with conveying a specific artistic idea; sometimes called “classical” music

3. Girl group – a small ensemble of female vocalists who sing popular music

4. Motown – record company originally based in Detroit, Michigan; named for the city’s nickname, the “motor city”

5. Brill Building – office building on Broadway in New York that was a central focus of girl group music production in the late 1950s and early 1960s

6. Wall of sound – recorded tracks in which massed instrumental and vocal parts were heightened with echo

7. Misogyny – a hatred of women or girls

8. Timbre

Girl groups and representative examples – Some of the first girl groups were the Supremes, Chantels, Ronettes, Shangri-Las, Shirelles, Crystals, Blossoms, Angels, and the Marvelettes. They were all popular during the 1950s and 1960s. Girl groups becoming popular marked the transition into recognizing women into the rock scene and offered a take on women’s views on sexuality and fashion.

2. Producers and representative examples – The Brill Building in New York was known as the production hub for girl groups in the 1950s and 1960s. Two producers who worked within the building were Phil Spector and Luther Dixon. However, these men received great financial gain from the girl group, whereas the women within them saw very little of that money. Berry Gordy ran most of the Motown production empire and was known for running the company negatively and controlled and owned everything.

3. Carole King – She wrote some of the most well known songs in popular music history. She wrote “One Fine Day,” “Will You Love Me Tomorrow?,” and “A Natural Woman.”

4. Ellie Greenwich – She also wrote some of the most well known songs in popular music history. She and Jeff Barry wrote “Be My Baby,” “Chapel of Love,” “Do Wah Diddy