The Arab World
The previous section discussed general ways to adapt HR practices to varying local contexts. At this point, it may be useful to focus on one particular context and examine the adaptation of HR practices to its culture. For the purpose of this study, the specific context will be the Arab world.
Arab countries are listed under different categories in different governmental institutions and specialized agencies. For example, The World Bank listed the Arab countries under the region “Middle East and North Africa”. Included in that list are: Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, West Bank and Gaza, and
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The answer lies in Arab identity. The Latin origin of the word identity is idem, which means the same or identical (Lawler, 2008). In other words, identity is made of things that people share that help them define themselves and give them a sense of belonging to a group (Barakat, 1993; De Vos, 1995; Lawler, 2008). Those often include common history, language, cause, religion, values and beliefs, needs, interests, and kinship (Barakat, 1993; De Vos, 1995). However, this is not to say that differences are excluded from identity (Barakat, 1993; Lawler, 2008). Paradoxically, identity combines both notions of sameness and difference (Lawler, 2008). Heterogeneity and plurality can best be perceived as another layer within identity (Barakat, 1993). This means that Arabs can share a common identity despite their differences and even their antagonistic relations (Barakat, 1993). According to Barakat (1993), the things that bring about Arab’s common identity are rooted in “a shared culture and its variations…, a shared place in history and common experiences…, social formations and shared economic interests…, shared external challenges and conflicts” (p.33), a shared language, and a common overlap with Islamic identity. Several authors cite similar elements of Arab identity (Ali, 1990; Dirani, 2006; Dirani, 2009; Kabasakal & Bodur,
War in Syria DBQ Essay Syria’s war has caused a lot of conflicts, fights, and separation. During Syria’s war a lot of people fled and left. They also started making accusations.
The Arab peninsula was under control of the Ottoman Turks. During WW1 in the time period of 1914-1918 it allowed Arab tribes to fight against the Turks. The Arabs fought on the side of the Allies. Arabs hoped to be freed from Turkish control and gain independence, TE Lawrence went to speak to Arab tribes to gain their support for WWI. France and Great Britain planned on taking Arab states as colonies.
War in Syria DBQ Essay Many things cause war, stuff like Revenge, beliefs, Arguments, racism. There has be more than five five wars in Syria. Things that causes violence are are the people, the government, Islamic groups, and terrorist. The people that start wars are the pro-government,while the Islamic groups have constantly in war with the anti government terrorists have been attacking everyone.
The Syrian Civil War has been prolonged further than ever anticipated. With casualties reaching the hundreds of thousands, this war has left permanent impacts on families across all of Syria. The civil war in Syria was sparked from the Arab Spring which consisted of countries in North Africa and Middle East. It then escalated to widespread violence emitting from the Syrian government, and resulting in what is now the Syrian Civil War. With all of this starting from a peaceful protest and now resulting in a violent and messy war, is it really worth it at this point?
Realizing the Truth Knowing one’s self is an essential part in a person’s life. If one does not fully know their individuality, it will lead to the longing for understanding. Ways of finding identity differentiate between each person, some situations being more difficult than others. James, from the novel The Color of Water by James McBride, is an African-American boy who is living during the times of racial segregation between blacks and whites and struggles to discover his white mother’s history to trace the lines to his identity. Mujahhid, from the stories of the book Santa Claus in Baghdad by Elsa Marston, is a Palestinian boy who is in a dispute between the Israeli soldiers and finds the meaning of God’s decisions that impacted his life and the truth of the people in Israel, using knowledge to face the Israel army.
Mali was an Islamic kingdom during the Middle Ages in West Africa. This was caused by Principle of Culture 9 (“Culture is changed by inside and outside forces.”) This was because outside forces or traders would come to trade and tell them about Islamic ways. An inside force that changed them was a king named Mansa Musa who was the first king to push Islam and its culture in Mali. Mali was Islamic because the people of Mali valued the religion and Mali was influenced by Islamic architecture and arts.
War in Syria DBQ Essay Since the beginning of the Syrian war in 2011, many have fled the country and settled in the neighboring states, including Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt. Currently, there are 4 million Syrian refugees registered in the region. By mid-2015, the World Bank’s estimated cost of the Syrian war for the Middle Eastern countries is $35 billion. This load is too heavy to endure, and this is why refugees have been aiming for European countries for a couple of years now.
It is not because those people did not have identities, but the fact that modern societies have been shifted to multicultural, and one’s recognition becomes more competitive than the previous time and should be acknowledged. It is Nelson Foote who has used the term first in the academic arena and the word has become popular in the second half of 20th century. During this period, the concept of identity has been deployed in numerous ways in the field of psychology, social sciences, anthropology, humanities and literature. Several academic debates have been used as platforms for refining this concept and contributed to this field. Erikson, Stanly Hall, and James Marcia are the main proponents and their contributions in negotiating identity formation theory are appreciated.
Introduction The concept of identity has been a notion of significant interest not just to sociologists and psychologists, but also to individuals found in a social context of perpetually trying to define themselves. Often times, identities are given to individuals based on their social status within a certain community, after the assessment of predominant characteristics that said individual has. However, within the context of an ethnicity, the concept identity is most probably applied to all members of the ethnical group, and not just one individual. When there is one identity designated for the entire group, often times the factor of “individuality” loses its significance, especially when referring to the relationship between the ethnic
Our academic disciplines, journals, movies, and our whole cultural system is highly affected by the inevitability of the conflict between 'Islam ' and 'West ' (Adib-Moghaddam, 2011). This " clash regime" is a cultural artifact which is positioned in different strata of society because it is made up by a system of interdependent discourses that disperse into society and form a powerful 'clash mentality (Adib-Moghadam, 2011, p.5). This clash regime has constituted a main part of today 's national and international political culture (Adiv-Moghaddam, 2011, p.5). Therefore, European culture gained its own strength and identity by setting itself off against the Orient (Said, 1978). According to Macfie (2002), one of the convictions that is widely held in orientalism is the belief that Islam unlike other religions, is inherently violent its followers believe in the doctrine of Holy War or Jihad.
While identity focuses on uniqueness such as how an individual is different from and similar to others, diversity focuses on the range of the difference and uniqueness such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, among others. Diversity should be seen as source of strength. However, it can also be a source of violence, oftentimes by those who fear or dislike difference. In the best light diversity is foundation for peacebuilding – since it enables us to draw strength and be respectful of difference. Identity and diversity are linked.
The Arab World Different people around the world have different standards and personalities. The same thing applies to different cultures in which every culture has its own way in dealing with things. An example of totally two different cultures is the Western culture and the Arab culture. Many differences can be easily recognized between these two different cultures. An author named Edward T. Hall wrote an article that shows how these two cultures behave differently under the same conditions.
Mohsin Hamid has grounded his resistance narrative in the identity narrative and through the prism of identity offers a deep insight into the American society and its ideals. The novel exposes the ugly side of the American society with its fundamentalist institutions and dislodges the narratives of fundamentalism as a Muslim monopoly and inverts the myths and discourses on identity to produce a counter narrative. Key words: Identity, Fundamentalism, Culture, Stereotyping, Resistance. Identity as it has unfolded in diaspora writings has changed our perception about this seminal issue that has for times immemorial been a central focus of academic circles across the world.
In the article, “The Arab World", anthropologist Edward T. Hall discusses how Arabs have a different concept of space and boundary than westerners for public and private places and how this can help explain certain aspects of how Arabs behave. As a renowned anthropologist who has written prolifically and has conceived several important theories in anthropology, Hall is quite qualified to write on the topic of cultural differences and his propositions might be considered extremely credible. Despite possessing such qualifications and writing a well-organized and logical essay, Hall’s arguments in the article are quite lacking because of a biased tone, a lack of evidence, an overreliance on ethos and the use of some logical fallacies. The article basically tries to ascertain how and why Arabs behave differently than people from the west based on “proxemics research”.
1.4.1 Literature Review HRM practices are a process of engaging, motivating, and maintaining employees to ensure the organizational survival (Schuler and Jackson, 1987). According to (Delery and Doty, 1996) HRM practices are prepared and implemented in a way that human capital plays important role in achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. The appropriate use of HRM practices strongly influence the standard of employer and the degree of employee commitment (Purcell, 2003). HRM practices like, training and development, performance appraisal allow the employees to do better in order to enhance the organizational performance (Snell and Dean, 1992; Pfeffer, 1998).