Argument Against Vaccines

Ever since the dawn of time disease and sickness have plagued the world. Smallpox, Influenza, Polio, Measles, Mumps and Tetanus have ruled our lives until a major breakthrough in science, the Vaccine. In the 1700s inoculations began to be used to prevent smallpox. It was eventually created the vaccine by using the relatively harmless cowpox which made the patient immune to smallpox. The word vaccine which was derived from the latin word vacca which means “cow”.

a. Because of these mutations, a new vaccine is created every year by doctors, predicting what that flu season 's virus will be like. b. Because it is only a prediction, occasionally the virus created in the lab doesn’t match up with the circulating virus. 1.

Edward Jenner (1749-1823) was a physician in England who studied the spread and inoculation techniques formerly unknown for small pox. In this paper I will explain the thought process and the happenings by which Jenner discovered the relationship between small pox and cowpox via transmission to milkmaids, the process by which he tested his findings and proved the relationship with inoculations, and how he communicated his findings based on his work titled “An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, or Cow-Pox”. In the 18th century smallpox killed an estimated 400,000 Europeans (Bourzac). Variolation was a technique used to inoculate people from diseases in that time. Small pox inoculations were performed in many different ways including pinpricks with the small pox virus into the skin of uninfected parties.

The Good the Bad and the Vaccine Vaccines, a term that gives some parents the peace of mind and makes some parents anxious. Vaccines makes our bodies ready to fight disease and viruses more effectively by introducing our body to microscopic amounts of viruses and bacteria. Common deadly diseases such as small pox that took many lives has now been eliminated because of the smallpox vaccine. In the past common diseases such as polio, rubella is now a rare case because of vaccination. To prevent public out break, Vaccination for childhood diseases such as pertussis, polio, measles, diphtheria, rubella is now mandatory for children attending public schools in Canada.

His book Self-Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion was published in England (1920) and in the United States (1922). Placebos remained widespread in medicine until the 20th century, and they were sometimes endorsed as necessary deceptions. In 1903, Richard Cabot said that he was brought up to use placebos, but he ultimately concluded by saying that "I have not yet found any case in which a lie does not do more harm than

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HEPATITIS B IN THE UNITED STATES Antony Van Leeuwenhoek’s development of the microscope in the 1600’s allowed scientists to visualize microorganisms that cause infectious diseases for the first time. (Paul g. Engelkirk –Janet Engelkirk 2011, Burton’s microbiology for health sciences. Ninth Edition p.7). Since then different bacteria and viruses have been discovered by use of a microscope such as Hepatitis viruses. There are five main recognized Hepatitis viruses that is , Hepatitis A (HAC), Hepatitis B(HBV) , Hepatitis c, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E, Hepatitis

In 2010, about 58% of baby boys born in America were circumcised (The Baby Center). Although the practice had begun in the 1930s to curb rates of venereal diseases, sex before marriage, and masturbation, its roots can be traced all the way back to ancient Egypt. Being the oldest documented surgical procedure in the world, circumcision is believed to have been developed as a religious ritual, specifically amongst Africans and Jewish peoples. As told by a wall relief in the tomb of a minister of the Pharaoh Teti, ancient Egyptians had been practicing circumcision as early as the 23rd century B.C (Massry). Though the origin of circumcision is unclear, it is commonly accepted that it began as a religious sacrifice, a rite of passage that marks

Fifty years after the initiation of the UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and 40 years after President Nixon launched the US government’s war on drugs; fundamental reforms in national and global drug control policies are urgently needed. Vast expenditures on criminalization and repressive measures directed at producers, traffickers and consumers of illegal drugs have clearly failed to effectively curtail supply or consumption. Apparent victories in eliminating one source or trafficking organization are negated almost instantly by the emergence of other sources and traffickers. Repressive efforts directed at consumers impede public health measures to reduce HIV/AIDS, overdose fatalities and other harmful consequences of drug use. Government expenditures on futile supply reduction strategies and incarceration displace more cost-effective and evidence-based investments in demand and harm reduction.

One trivalent vaccine formulation can be given with a jet injector, for people between the ages of 18 and 64 years and there is also a nasal spray, used mainly in toddlers (ages two through five) and the elderly (70 years old and up). The ingredients vary between the types, but all include egg proteins, some preservatives, and stabilizers such as sucrose. Many adults in 2018 still believe that mercury is used in the influenza vaccine, but according to Rep. Dave Weldon on April 2 (2004), he introduced along with Rep. Carolyn Maloney, hr 4169- the mercury free vaccine act of 2004. This was an act that would then phase out the use of mercury in all vaccines in the next three years, paying particular attention to childhood

From a historical perspective ,the first debate took place between 1929-1932 and during the elaboration of the Codification Commission to reform the Criminal Code , which also prepared a matrimonial draft law providing for both divorce and separation. According to the Criminal Code of 1932, abortion was legal if a pregnancy resulted from a crime and where a woman’s health and life was at risk. The more liberal draft provision of abortion on socio-economic grounds failed. The law of 1932 remained in force until 1956 . Under the communist regime , in 1956 despite the protests of the Poland’s strong Catholic Church , a liberal abortion law was adopted.

Although variolation had some success, the development of the first vaccine helped prevent smallpox with fewer side effects. Edward Jenner, as mentioned above, was a country physician and practicing surgeon. He studied various disease processes and performed postmortem examinations. In 1770, Jenner first made the connection between cowpox and small pox while being an apprentice for another country doctor. A dairymaid came into the office and was being treated for a pustular skin infection, but insisted that it was not smallpox because she had already had cowpox.

The flu epidemic of 1918 caused American mortality rates to drop down by 60% and the public expected for a vaccine to come but the developers of the vaccine did not have the correct gene to use for the vaccine. The virus was finally detected in the 1930s in the midst of the Great Depression. However, the vaccine for influenza did not come until World War II. In 1944, the vaccine for influenza was first introduced to the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board and the soldiers were the first to be vaccinated against the flu. Civilians later on got the vaccine in 1945.

The varicella vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent the disease. Currently there are three licensed VZV-containing vaccines in the United States: varicella vaccine, combination measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV) and herpes zoster vaccine. The Varicella vaccine is a live-attenuated viral vaccine for persons 12 months of age and older (“Varicella”). In September 2005, the FDA licensed the combined live-attenuated MMRV for persons 12 months through 12 years of age. The herpes zoster vaccine was approved by the FDA in May 2006 for people 60 years of age and older which was later changed in 2011 to 50 through 59 years of age (“Varicella”).

In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot presents the scientific progression of HeLa cells with study cases, such as the study of viruses and the development of the polio vaccine, in order to prove to the reader that HeLa was beneficial towards science and was not illegal in any ethical way. Polio is an infectious viral disease that affects the central nervous system. The year 1950, a year before Henrietta Lacks died, was the peak of the polio

People were scared of the epidemic and accused anyone with flu like symptoms and was basically a salem witch trials part two. In the end, “Influenza vaccine was first introduced as a licensed product in the United States in 1944”(Goldberger). In spite of taking 26 years to introduce influenza vaccines it is a great accomplishment because it will protect us from future viruses and