Coal Mining Research Paper

The Marcellus Shale It is the largest source of natural gas in the United States, and is located in Appalachian basin which stretches from Tennessee to New York and covers West Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The Marcellus Shale has a lot of marine sedimentary rock because of the different sea level changes 400 million years ago that deposited minerals. It contains black shale and lighter shale mixed with limestone .It has many benefits, but it comes with disadvantage disadvantages. For humans to get access to the natural gas they have to drill deep into the ground and create a well which can go from 5,000 to 9,000 feet deep. They use a method of drilling called

The most serious pollution problem created by the steam locomotive was the carbon dioxide that was continuously emitted into the air by the steam engine. Other than pollution, other problems arose. With the coming of the locomotives, child labor came with it. Children worked for long hours very hard, had little time for breaks, and were stripped away from time with their families and deprived of their education. One good example is of the 28-year old William Cooper.

Dr. Shellen Wu’s article, titled The Search for Coal in the Age of Empires: Ferdinand von Richtofen’s Odyssey in China, 1860-1920, is about the movement from wood to coal as the leading fuel source all over the world in the late nineteenth century, and how geologist, Ferdinand von Richthofen, played a huge role in this discovery of coal as an abundant source of energy in China. The second sentence of the article clearly sums up Dr. Wu’s thesis. She states, “On the basis of his [Richthofen’s] travels over the next four years and seven expeditions, Richthofen coined the term Seidenstrasse (Silk Road); correctly hypothesized the origin of loess, the yellowish silt-like material covering much of North China; and described to the outside world vast deposits of coal in the Chinese interior.” Dr. Wu’s article goes along with the theme that we’ve discussed in class all semester, which is, “how have technological advancements throughout history

Iron was also used for puddling, and making railroads and other forms of transportation. In order to trade with the outside colonies, good transportation was necessary. The surplus of resources like coal and water not only helped power the machines at sufficient rate, but ensured the nation had a good economy and government. These resources were the reason why Britain 's economy and government were stable and prosperous. Without these geographic features, the industrialization in Britain would not have been

There are four main sources responsible for the production of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere: combustion of fossil fuels, transportation and industry. The first source of emission of CO2 is burning of petroleum and fossil fuels. During the process of combustion of fossil fuels, Carbon reacts with the oxygen resulting in the production of Carbon Dioxide. For example, in order to generate electricity, fossil fuels are burned. This result in the emission of the CO2 and according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the process of generating electricity is the largest source of emission of carbon dioxide producing 38% of

Everyone likes a good bar of gold or iron, right? Well you might want to think twice about it next time you go to buy a diamond or some coal for a fire. Greenpace.org says that “Underground mines, which provide the majority of the world’s coal, allow coal companies to extract deep coal deposits. About 40 percent of the world’s coal mines are the more damaging strip mines.” and the mines are damaging our environment more than it is helping it.

Molybdenum was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1781 (“WebElements Periodic Table”). Molybdenum’s symbol, Mo, is fairly similar to its name. Boasting atomic number 42, Molybdenum sits in group 6, period 5, and is labeled as a transition metal, generally classified just as a metal (“Royal Society of Chemistry”). Though it doesn’t have any special roles in history, it is a very important element in today’s world, and has been since the manufacturing of steel became a big business. Its current primary use is in the manufacturing of steel, specifically piping, as all steel has just over 6% of any manufactured steel is made up of Molybdenum.

In terms of drilling fluid, underbalance uses a way cheaper, lighter and more affordable fluid such as natural gas, water, light mud and even oxygen content air. In some certain extend where discoveries has been done, foam is used as the filtrate. With the use of foams lately, drilling bits life could be extend and it saves the financials of one’s drilling operation ( Ostroot, Shayegi, Zoontjes & Lovorn, 2007; Mitchell, 2007). Furthermore, as the underbalance condition is applied in the wellbore, the amount of mud and drilling fluid loss has been reduce dramatically. This will also reduce the skin factor and likewise, the cost disposal for cleaning processes of casings and pipes has also decline ( Ostroot, et al. 2007; Bennion D. B. , Thomas, Bietz & Bennion D. W. , 1998; Bennion, D. B., Lunan & Saponja, 1998; Mitchell, 2007; Akdeniz, 2012 ; Bennion D. B. & Thomas, 1994).

Imagine a world without electricity. Unfortunately, that isn’t possible since the modern world depends on it for almost every aspect of daily living. But energy is required to produce electricity. That energy source is either renewable or nonrenewable. Coal is a nonrenewable resource that is part of the fossil fuel category that includes oil and gas, and it remains a vital source of energy for both industrialized and developing nations.

1. INTRODUCTION Coal gasification is a process for producing a mixture gas consisting mainly of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) -from coal and water, air and / or oxygen. This gas mixture is called synthesis gas. Earlier, coal was gasified using old technology to produce coal gas (also known as the "town gas"), which is a fuel gas used previously for municipal lighting and heating before the advent of the commercial scale production of natural gas. In current practices, instances of large coal gasification is used to generate electricity, as in the combined cycle with an integrated gasification for production of chemical feed stocks or for the production of gas natural synthesis.

Some important states for copper mining are Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Miami, Globe, Montana and New Mexico. The states with copper mining have a higher chance of having environmental issues, and negative and positive effects on the communities surrounding these mines. The negative effects are that the communities can have pollution from the mines. The positive effects are that more products can be produced from having these copper

Peabody Coal began in the 1880s as a delivery service in the Chicago area and opened its own mining operation in Southern Illinois. By 1913, it was servicing electric companies and by 1949 it was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Strip mining began to take over the market share in the 1950s. In 1955 Sinclair Coal, the third largest coal producer, took over and assumed the name of Peabody.

Fossil fuels are created by the decomposing of dead animals on the ground that over a period of 200 years are compressed and thus created fossil fuels. Fracking is used to extract oils or fossil fuels by drilling into the ground to retrieve these resources, and when fracking it was found that methane was released into the earth 's atmosphere. Methane and carbon are dangerous when released into the atmosphere because it can absorb much more heat and increase the temperature of the earth. In the article “Fracking Contributes to Global Warming” by Louis W. Allstad explains that “ Fracking requires fifty to one hundred times more fracking fluids, which produces more flowback than conventional wells, and the rock above the target zone tends to be less impervious, which can cause methane gas to creep up to the surface and into the atmosphere”. Fracking companies such as Mobil and other gas companies use drill into the earth to get fossil fuels.

The Appalachian Mountains are known as one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world. The mountains are about 2, 200 miles long, run through 13 states, and are home to millions of American citizens in Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and West Virginia. The mountain range was first known for clan fights, moonshine making, and then coal mining. Little did people know that this effect coal had on the mountain was permanent. After the Civil War is when coal was a desperate need to fuel factories and railroads.

Before The Industrial revolution, coal was used, but what coal was mined came from just below the earth’s surface. And although deep mining had already begun in Britain in 1880, America had yet to catch up. During the Industrial Revolution, the demand for coal increased rapidly, therefore mines became deeper and deeper throughout the years. In the early 1900s, two main types of coal existed - anthracite and bituminous coal. Anthracite burns much cleaner than the latter, and therefore was used more frequently and preferred by the majority of Americans, especially for residential use.