Jürgen Habermas Deliberative Democracy Analysis

A democracy is a system of government that gives the people the power to govern. This can either be done directly, where citizens actively participate in the decision making of the country, or indirectly through elected representatives. The purpose of the democratic process is to protect the interests of all citizens of a country. In order to do so, every citizen in the country needs a medium through which to express his political opinion to defend his interests. This is the role of political parties.

Political culture is a people's mutual structure of values, beliefs, and habits of behavior concerning to government and politics. These ideals and outlines of behavior extend over time and influence the political life of a state, area or country. Further specifically, the ideas of political culture suggest to how we view that the relationship between people and government, right and responsibility of people, obligation of government and limits on governmental authority. Because political actors are aware of the limitations set by political culture, they often deliberately use elements of political culture to accomplish their ends. Supporters and opponents of decrease in social welfare spending, funding for businesses, changes in regulatory

1.6 CDA and Political Discourse Analysis There are many approaches for the analysis of Political Discourse integrated with Critical Discourse Analysis. Wodak (1995) postulates a major influence in this study by summarizing the constitutive principles of CDA as follows: 1- Political commitment: the aim of CDA is to uncover power-abuse and inequality. CDA is being criticised for being political only because its political values are explicit.

The use of power in politic is something that is difficult to measured precisely how and when it is exercised. The need of power in politic is to influence or control the behavior of people. Walter Annenberg theory said that “the greatest power is not money power, but political power” . Political power mean an authority held by a group within a society that allows for the administration of public resources and implement policies for society. Power may be acquired as a means of governmental direction or in opposition to a government group.

In some cases political behavior is by its very nature secretive and under minding. By bringing politics into the opening there are changes and the manipulating of others with

It is how the powerful manipulate the powerless in order to fulfil the needs of those with power. What one may have here is a latent conflict, which consists in a contradiction between the interests of those exercising power and the real interests of those they exclude. These latter may not express or even be conscious of their interests, but ... the identification of those interests ultimately always rests on empirically supportable and refutable hypotheses (Lukes 2005).

Identity politics is wide range of political activity and base on theories in sharing experience of injustice of member of certain social group. Identity are grounded in inequalities, social difference and social division. Structural social inequalities is remain important, they have not disappear but such inequalities is not longer identity, there are more liquidity and choice involve in identity but choice is not radical. Importance of inequality, division, difference varies from place to place, time to time, and from individual to

The Enlightenment saw the conceptualization of some of the most impactful political thought that the world has ever seen. One of the major notions that was discussed, was the faction and how factions impact the political world and the people within it. Many of the philosophes took differing views on how and if factions could be controlled to keep a government functioning successfully. With the modern republic still forming and developing, the authors who tried to discuss factions could not do it with full context of a political system. Therefore, there were some widely varying views of factions that arose throughout the Enlightenment.

A political party is a group of people who share a common goal and try to influence the government to benefit that goal. There are many people who believe that political parties are now old fashioned and irrelevant to the governmental system. Though there are those that see the essential of having political parties in a well-functioning government. Political parties are of paramount importance as they provide the link between politics and society.

Summary The following essay will discuss collective action, collective action problems and the theory of the tragedy of the commons. It will also discuss governance, contemporary governance systems and ways in which these systems can be reorganized in order to counteract collective action problems. Introduction Governing the commons and pursuing collective interests is known as a difficult task as many problems are faced when trying to achieve it.

In the essay, “Toward a More Responsible Two-Party System” it is stated that political parties are “indispensable instruments of government” (pg. 174). It emphasizes that the parties should be “agencies of the electorate” because it needs the public 's support. In other words, “the party system that is needed must be democratic, responsible and effective” (pg. 176). An effective party will be able to present and carry out programs that they propose. However, if the cynicism of the public and the ineffectiveness of the party system continues to escalate, the nation may eventually witness the disintegration of the two major political parties.

Jeffersonian Democracy was characterized by politicians who actively presented their position to public in an attempt to garner support; furthermore, to gain this support they held social events at the local level so as to further spread their ideology (Schultz, 2014). Also, Jeffersonian Democracy created biased news outlets to as a way to reach the masses and to generate a bias for their cause. Finally, the political style of Jeffersonian Democracy was aggressive, and they openly condemned their opponents via written and spoken words. Consequently, due to the aloofness of the Federalist, and the local level campaigning of the democrat republicans Thomas Jefferson’s style of politics (Jeffersonian Democracy) was extremely effective in his election in 1800 (Schultz, 2009). With this unique style of politics what was President Jefferson’s platform and Ideology? President Jefferson focus was to: “reduce the size of government, navigating the development of the first national court system, [and] expanding…

"A government big enough to supply everything you need is big enough to take everything you have. The course of history shows us that as a government grows, liberty decreases.” - Thomas Jefferson That’s why Democracy is best for the people. Democracy is when the people have supreme power in the Government.

The extent Consensus Decision Making reflects liberalism principles is to a large extent. In consensus decision making there is very little to no government involvement. This political system is based on individuals in a group all agreeing on decisions. Which everyone has to support, even if it is not the most favorable for the individual. An example, is the House of Commons of Canada, where every individual or Members Of Parliament have to agree or have the majority to have a bill passed.