In this essay, I will argue that identity theory, which is the view that the mind is the brain based on a posteriori, is not true using the multiple reliability argument (77). A posteriori refers to the philosophical theory that truth is based on having an experience (85). In this paragraph I will argue against identity theory using multiple reliability. According to identity theory, each mental type must be identical to each brain type (77). For example, using a posteriori, the mental type pain is the physical brain type of the firing of c-fibers (86). However, sometimes a type of mental experience seems to occur without the expected brain type state occurring (87). Mental types are multiply realizable by physical types (87). There are times when the mental type pain is felt without the firing of the physical type c-fibers. For example, an octopus that has a very different type of neurological system than humans, most of their thinking seems to be done with neurons in their tentacles rather than their brains, and despite this difference, it is shows signs of experiencing the mental type pain (89). Since, octopuses seem to experience the mental type pain without the firing of the physical type c-fibers, it cannot be said that …show more content…
This is counter argument is weak because it denies science breakthroughs. Science could find another way that a type of physical state can cause a type of mental state. There could be another physical type that can cause the pain type of mental state. An octopus can still experience the pain type of mental state from another type of physical state (89). Physical pain can be caused by something other than the firing of c-fibers (87). Since the counter argument ignores scientific breakthroughs, as the mental type pain could be caused by something other than the physical brain type that fires c- then this counter argument is weak, as it fails to show that physical types are mental
One scientist decides to take upon the task to figure out what is going on and dissects his own brain. Through the scientific method, the scientist discovers that because the atmospheric pressure rising that the air passing through their brain is slower. The slower the air passing through their brain, the slower their brains perform. This discovery led to the
Using this approach explains behavior while connecting the relationship between the operation of the brain and the nervous system. For instance, in studies involving stress, scientist discovered that females are less stressed than males. In the experiment
The octopus brain fascinates researchers indirectly by holding the responsibility for the complex behaviors observed. But looking simply at the biology of the octopus brain, we acquire foundational information to advance thought and studies. Most invertebrates have “ladders” of knots of neurons connected by nerve fibers. Vertebrates typically have one big clump of neurons – the brain. Octopuses seem to overlap the organization typical to invertebrate and vertebrate brains.
The other two responses that Hillberg covers are alleviation and paralysis, though we really just see the first
Hypothetical Method in Action: “The Intelligent Plant” The article, “The Intelligent Plant” by Michael Pollan, explores the intricate ways of plants and the human understanding of how they function without a neurological brain. It navigates the questions of whether plants can think, learn, be conscious, or feel pain, citing several studies and experiments conducted to prove these concepts. One mentioned study conducted by Monica Gagliano focused on the Mimosa pudica, a plant species with observable reaction speeds, to test the ability of plants to learn. Pollan used this and other experiments to prove plants exhibit intelligent behavior.
Mutually, contradictory results of neurological tests can not be regarded as allegedly scientific confirmation of existence and/or the lack of free will. Neither premise should not be underestimated, but even complexity and the mysteriousness of our brains gives rise to scepticism and uncertainty as it remains
In this paper, I will discuss the psychological continuity analysis of personal identity, and an example against the sufficiency of psychological continuity for personal identity with transitivity. Psychological continuity refers to the continuity between individuals in a mental state. This is not a necessary condition for personal identity because memory is not transitive, and identity is. Quantitative sameness means that something is completely identical with something else, which is usually itself. This relationship is best described by Leibniz’s law, which states that “x is identical to y if and only if everything true of x is true of y.” For psychological continuity, episodic memory is the idea that two or more people can be classified
Due to the power of perceptions, the Australian identity has for a long time been negatively associated with racism, homophobia, and hostility to culturally different ethnicities. The misrepresentation of identity is also a result of long-held stereotypes and generalizations, which are an exaggeration of actions or beliefs of a few people in the Australian society. The misconceptions, perceptions, and stereotypes have unfortunately created a false identity that all Australians are racists, biased and hostile when it comes to people of other ethnicities and cultures, or beliefs that they
The argument of whether or not a human has a soul has been argued throughout centuries. Derek Parfit discusses two separate theories of personal identity, Ego Theory and Bundle Theory. The argument of which present a more accurate account of personhood is very hard to determine. The Ego Theory has some flaws such the soul is separate from the body and is a immaterialist object within us. Bundle Theory is reinforced and proven by the split-brain case, however it can lead to the argument that there is no self.
In this essay I will be comparing the identity theory to the behaviorist’s theory. Both theories are similar in the sense that they are of the monists (physicalism) view but they do vary in many other ways that I will point out in the duration of my essay. I do believe that the behaviorist theory is the better argument for reasons I will outline in this essay. The identity theory The identity theory refers to the understanding that the mind and the brain are identical.
He uses the scientific information of the enteric nervous system to show the viewer the similarities and then later gives examples of gut instinct being using in real life situations. He supports his claim with examples like a Russian in charge of an early nuclear mission radar using his gut instinct to determine it must be a computer malfunction and not warn his superiors, which caused him to potentially save the world from nuclear fallout. Another supporting evidence is the studies conducted by Columbia University which tested the instinct of several individuals to see the reliability of the intuition. The clip is similar to. Obviously, the nickname of “second brain” comes from the nervous system, but how many tests have been conducted to test the capabilities of the enteric nervous
70). In other words, how can be known that a robot or computer or other creature under a functionalist view is full of mental activity? As a result, some argument has been developed that show that qualia does not have a functional role, one of the arguments is the ‘absent qualia’, for instance, Block suggested the idea with the “Chinese nation” mental experiment to support the lack of phenomenal qualities in the functional sates (Block, 2007, pp. 70-73)
Framework of the Study There are theories and concepts that will greatly support this study. First of which is the Erikson‘s theory of Identity vs. Role Confusion. The theory has asserted that the ages of 13 to 19 years state that as children make the transition from childhood to adulthood. When they become adolescents, they ponder the roles they will play in the adult world.
Campbell, Josephine. " Physiognomy." Salem Press Encyclopedia, 2016. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.ecuad.ca:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db = ers&AN=87321008&site=eds-live.
Psychological egoism is the view that, as a matter of fact, there is only one thing that can motivate you to act as a human being: namely, what you perceive to increase your well-being. While ethical egoism makes a different kind of a claim. On this view it is morally right for you to pursue your own well-being, and morally wrong for you not to do so. It is therefore morally wrong for you to promote the well-being of others if this diminishes your own well-being. “Ought implies can” principle is the idea that can be morally required to act in some way only if you can act in that way.