Artificial Intelligence In The Medical Field

INTRODUCTION

Artificial intelligence in the field of computer science defines itself as a way of making computer or computer controlled devices , smart devices and software act intelligently . Therefore the main concept behind AI is to implement human intelligence in machines . There are a huge number of application as far as AI is concerned namely , Gaming , Natural Processing Systems , Expert systems , Vision systems , Robotics ,Medicine and many more.

In this paper we will be signifying and highlighting how AI has been of huge assistance in the field of Medicine ,thus unfolding the ways in which it has redefined the healthcare system.

Due to the rapidly increasing ambiguity in the functionality, the delivery of the healthcare system and

Under AI we have a set of promising techniques in the field of medicine of which the techniques given below are of utter significance: o FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM:

In 1964, Lotfi Zadeh developed FL to address inaccuracy and uncertainty which usually exist in engineering problems[3]

Fuzzy expert system is a type of Artificial Intelligence which uses a set of functions and rules that are used to enquire or reason about data.

It has become an important artificial technique as it has proved its diversity in numerous fields pertaining to medicine. It efficiently deals with the uncertainty and ambiguity by stimulating human intelligence in incomplete or fuzzy data by qualitative and quantitative analysis of medical data .[1] fuzzy expert system is therefore a fundamental data handling methodology that has taken into consideration the 'IF -THEN ' structure Therefore it is preferred over the multiple logistic regression analysis .[2] the basic if then structured is shown below.

IF change in bowel moment OR rectal bleeding

THEN consult your

 Deffuzication : it is an optional step which is used when it is useful to convert the fuzzy output .

o ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK:

ANN is an approach that mathematically represents human neural network, reflecting its learning and generalization capabilities and hence they belong to the field of AI. The first paper outlining the concept of ANN was published in 1988 in the pioneering work of Szolovits. A review of various classes of neural networks can be found in (Aleksander and Morton 1995, Zupan and Gasteiger 1999).

The various applications of ANN in medical diagnosis are: colorectal cancer , multiple sclerosis lesions , colon cancer ,pancreatic disease, gynaecological diseases and early diabetes and many more.

GENERAL STRUCTURE:

ANN is formed by a series of nodes or neurons made of silicon and wires that are organised in the form of layers one below the other, with the neurons connected to each other through weighted connections . These weight values indicate the strength of connection between the neurons in ith and jth layer ,i.e., next layer .

Any neural network basically consists of three main layers that