Artificial Intelligence Research Paper

Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems

Prof. Sandeep Kaur

Dept. of Computer Science,

Mata Sahib Kaur Girls College,

Gehal, India [e-mail] Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines finds solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way in the words Artificial Intelligence’s scientific goal is to understand intelligence by building computer programs that exhibit intelligent behavior.

This paper presents some back ground and potential of Artificial Intelligence and its implementation in various fields and its history. We discuss issues

Reasoning means, drawing of conclusion from observations.

Reasoning in AI systems work on three principles namely:

DEDUCTION: Given 2 events ‘P’ & ‘Q’, if ‘P’ is true then ‘Q’ is also true.

E.g.: If it rains, we can’t go for a picnic.

INDUCTION: Induction is a process where in , after studying certain facts , we reach to a conclusion.

E.g.: Socrates is a man; all men are mortal; therefore Socrates is mortal.

ABDUCTION: ‘P’ implies ‘Q’, but ‘Q’ may not always depend on ‘P’.

E.g.: If it rains , we can’t go for a picnic.

The fact that we are not in a position to go for a picnic does not mean that it is training. There can be other reasons as well.

c. Learning

The most important requirement for an AI system is that it should learn from its mistakes. The best way of teaching an AI system is by training & testing. Training involves teaching of basic principles involved in doing a job. Testing process is the real test of the knowledge acquired by the system wherein we give certain examples & test the intelligence of the system. Examples can be positive or negative. Negative examples are those which are ‘near miss’ of the positive

APPLICATIONS

Artificial intelligence has been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, remote sensing, scientific discovery and toys etc.

List of applications

Banks: Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage properties. • Medical clinic: A medical clinic can use artificial intelligence systems to organize bed schedules, make a staff rotation, and provide medical information.

• Robotics o Behavior-based robotics o Cognitive o Cybernetics o Developmental robotics (Epigenetic) o Evolutionary robotics

• Pattern recognition o Optical character recognition o Handwriting recognition o Speech recognition o Face recognition

V. CONCLUSION Over the next four decades, despite many stumbling blocks, AI has grown from a dozen researchers, to thousands of engineers and specialists; and from programs capable of playing checkers, to systems designed to diagnose disease. As we progress in the development of artificial intelligence, other theories are available, in addition to building on what we can do with AI.

VI. REFERENCES

1) www.wikipedia.org

2)