Salicylic Acid Investigation

In Back titration, excess volumes of HCl acids are added to allow for titration with NaOH. Eventually, the moles of CaCO3 can be found via stoichiometric property of the two reactants, and the mass of CaCO3 can be determined.Thus, determining the CaCO3 content in

Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst. It forms a complex with HBr and extracts it from the aqueous phase into the organic phase where the alkene is. This dehydrates the acid, making it more reactive so that the addition reaction is possible. Rapid stirring is required in order to maximize the surface area

C is plotted and fitted to a logarithmic-line to illustrate the saturation effect, shown in Figure 1. Then using equation 12.8 in the lab manual, C/Y is calculated and plotted versus C and fitted to a straight line, shown in Figure 2. From the fitted line, Ymax, which is the maximum number of moles of acetic acid that can be adsorbed on the surface of the charcoal per gram of charcoal, can be calculated from the slope. Then, using Ymax and the value of the y-intercept, K, which is the ratio between the rate constant k1 of the forward reaction (adsorption on the charcoal) and the rate constant k-1 (detachment from the charcoal), can be determined. For calculations, refer to Appendix E. Finally, multiplying Ymax by Avagadro’s number will give the number of AA molecules adsorbed on the surface of one gram of charcoal at saturation.

Abstract In this experiment, the reaction kinetics of the hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride, (CH3)3CCl, was studied. The experiment was to determine the rate constant of the reaction, as well as the effects of solvent composition on the rate of reaction. A 50/50 V/V isopropanol/water solvent mixture was prepared and 1cm3 of (CH3)3CCl was added. At specific instances, aliquots of the reaction mixture were withdrawn and quenched with acetone. In addition, phenolphthalein was added as an indicator.

The melting point of the pure ASA crystals were calculated in order to calculate of absorbance. Iron (III) salicylate dianion must contain the acidified solution Fe3+ in order to measure the absorbance values. The level of the impurity can

1.1 Kinetic model To determine the second order reaction rate constant of Acesulfame K with the different transient species studied, two pairs of independent competition kinetics were established for each transient: Acesulfame K with Ibuprofen and Acesulfame K with Atrazine. Assuming the first pair of competition for the hydroxyl radical generated by NaNO3 irradiation is Acesulfame and Ibuprofen (ACE, IBP). Their respective reaction rates are (M s-1): (Eq. 6) (Eq. 7) With k and k’ the second order reaction rates of Ace and IBP with HO•.

The results were graphed to create an absorbance versus molar concentration calibration curve. Finally, the UV absorption of the soda sample was measured and compared to the caffeine standard calibration curve. This was used to calculate the concentration of caffeine. Results

Once AMD reached the coveted pH level, it was filtered using filter paper (0.45 μm) to obtain the precipitate. The filtrates were then measured for the EC level using conductivity meter, TDS level using TDS meter, and concentration of Cu2+ using PerkinElmer Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Analyst 400. All analyses were conducted in Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Mataram. Filtrates (with several pH levels) found to still contain Cu2+, would be treated to the sulfidization treatment. Sulfidization treatment using SNW from Sebau This experiment was conducted by adding pure SNW from three sampling points (T1, T2, and T3) to the AMD with three different pH levels in 1:1 ratio reaction.

This occurs because the sample vaporized into the gas phase and is placed into a capillary under controlled temperature and pressure. As the mobile phase and is placed into the capillary under controlled temperature and pressure. As the mobile phase is flowed through the capillary, more volatile compounds should elute first. Accordingly, the alcohol should elute last, preceded by the alkyl halide. For example, in part A the 1-chlorobutane eluted first because it has a lower boiling point of 78°C compare to the boiling point of 1-bromobutane of 101.4 to 102.9°C.

This is because if taken simple distillation into consideration. The column has a lower temperature at the top then the bottom thus there is a lower vapor pressure (Gilbert 126). And therefore the bottom as a higher temperature and in order to reach an equilibrium the temperature gradient is formed as shown the graph above (Gilbert 126).The column is utilized so that the vapor reaches the condenser at the bottom of the column and therefore several simple distillation trials need to be done in order to ensure that the distillation can be very effective (Gilbert 126). Boiling point and vaporization are inversely proportional, so lower boiling point means faster vaporization so in this case acetone moves down the column faster leaving the 1-propanol for the last fraction (Gilbert 126). That being said, in the fractional distillation, the rings act as the trials in the simple distillation (Gilbert 126).