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Assignment: Medical Transplantation

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PHASE II YEAR 1

COURSE: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ASSIGNMENT: CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION

Name: Asaad Saad Salman Date: 9/11/2015
Registration No.: 2014M045

Q1) Define the term "transplantation" and list the organs that can be transplanted.
Transplantation is the process by which a dysfunctional organ is replaced by another healthy one. The other organ can be obtained from different sources, if from the same person (Autograft), if from another HLA matching person (Allograft), if it from an animal (Xenograft).
Organs that can be transplanted include: Heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus and intestine. Tissues include tendons, heart valves, cornea and skin.

Q2) Define heart transplantation. …show more content…

A comprehensive search for reversible or surgically amenable heart disease must be completed and optimal medical management is done before transplantation is to be considered. An early referring to a heart-failure cardiologist is recommended to assess for appropriate candidacy. Specific basic tests are required in the evaluation process which include a right heart catheterization to assess hemodynamics and, in especially, to evaluate for any reversible pulmonary hypertension component. Metabolic stress test is also suggested to evaluate peak oxygen consumption. Certain inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria must be met for a successful post-transplantation outcome. Routine blood tests, including screening serology for cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, Epstein virus, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, are also indicated. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria are met, the patient is listed according to urgency code …show more content…

*Recipient factors — Factors associated with an increased risk of death up to one year after transplantation include:
• Preoperative need for artificial breathing support (ventilator).
• In case if it’s the second heart transplantation procedure.
• Cardiac conditions other than coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy.
• Preoperative requirement for heart function assistance with a ventricular assist device.
• Females have increased mortality rate (being female!)
• The state of being underweight or obese.

* Donor factors — A variety of donor factors affect the early outcomes:
• Female donors are associated with increased one-year mortality.
• Age of the donor’s heart does not affect long-term survival, However, transplant coronary artery disease is increased in hearts from donors over 40 years of age due to the presence of narrowing in the coronary arteries.
• Thickening of the left ventricle (left ventricular hypertrophy) in the donor’s heart is linked with poorer outcomes compared to a heart without thickening.
• Increased blood levels of troponin I and T in the donor, which are markers of heart muscle damage, increase the risk of early heart

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