Assignment: Engineering Materials

Assignment # 1: Engineering Materials

Topics:
 Bio-Materials
 Smart Materials
 Nano Materials
 X-Ray diffractometry (XRD)

Name: Adil Iqbal
Class: S-III ME (A)
Registration No: ME-1243
Total Words:

Bio-Materials
Bio materials are defined as substances or materials that has been engineered in such a way that it can direct the course of therapeutic or diagnostic procedures in the human body. The main aim of a bio-material, as its name suggests, is to interact with biological systems either alone or as part of a complex system. Material engineers while researching and working on bio-materials have to cover a wide range of physical, chemical/toxicological and clinical properties, which we will look into later.
The manufacture

So when the external temperature changes, the material would shift from one state to the other depending on the change. Smart materials memorize their original shape after they are mechanically deformed by heating the alloy above the transformation temperature. This shift from one state to the other is visible clearly in shape memory materials and super elastic materials. For example, a pair of eyeglasses if made from smart materials would not break even if they are forcefully twisted around someone’s fingers; they would return to their original state once the stress is removed. Smart materials made from nickel-titanium alloys are common and are rapidly being employed in aerospace, mechanical and biomedical engineering etc. One of the most intriguing concept of smart materials is the self-repairing effect whereby the material would detect faults/cracks and by changing own properties would act as a diagnostic tool. Smart materials have therefore been a revolutionary step in scientific advancements. The ability to respond to changes and self-adaptability provide numerous possible applications for these materials in many different

These were first found in 1960’s and were named Buckminster fullerenes. The fullerenes have pharmaceutical and industrial applications and they can also be used in light emitting diodes. The recent outbreak of Ebola virus has brought its usage to light once again. Studies show that nanomaterial can fight against Ebola virus.
• Carbon nanotubes: These are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. These nanotubes have unusual properties especially with regard to their tensile strength. CNT are extremely strong and relatively ductile. Therefore, they are used as bulletproof armoury as they are 100 times stronger than steel but around six times lighter. CNT are also used as filler material in composite materials.
• Nanowires and haeckelites: Nanowires are theoretically wires made on a nanoscale which give them the name of quantum wires. Many types of nanowires are present which range from metallic (conductors) to insulators. Nickel, Platinum and Gold nanowires conduct while SiO2 do not. Haeckelites are made of graphenes but they are still in testing phase. They are heptagons and pentagons of