Atkinson Shiffrin Theory
Human memory is becoming a worldwide investigation in the fields of psychology. Atkinson-Shiffrin model suggests long term and short term memory. The model believes that long term memory is caused by several rehearsals such maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal, and distinctiveness. Similarly levels of processing—depth of processing, which involves shallow processing and deep processing—involve processes that influence memory. However, unlike Atkinson-Shiffrin model, levels of processing do not distinguish memory into short term and long term. The theory believes that elaborative rehearsal, or deep processing, improves long term memory. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed that deep level of processing led to longer lasting memory while …show more content…
24 participants were tested individually. 60 words—common five-letter nouns—were given to the subjects. Each structural, phonological, and semantic words had 10 yes and no questions. Structural questions asked if a word is in capital letter or in small letter. Phonological question asked if a word rhymes with the given word or not. Semantic question asked if a word fits into a blank provided in a sentence. The questions were presented auditorily. After each question, a word appeared for 200 msec after 2 seconds. The study used tachistoscope. Response latency to each yes or no question was recorded. Then the participants were unexpectedly given a recognition test. The test involved 180 words of which had 60 original words and 120 distractors. The participants were asked to recall the 60 original words from that list. The word recognition, which went through semantic level of analysis, increased to 81% in yes words and 49% in no …show more content…
The independent variable was measured by independent measures. Due to random sampling, 10 participants were in experiment condition, where they solved yes or no response questions in semantic level, and 10 participants were in controlled condition, where they did the same thing but answered questions in structural level. The number of words correctly being recalled from a word-list measured dependent variable. The hypothesis is one-tailed as it compares the number of words recalled from participants who went through semantic level of processing to the number of words recalled from participants who went through structural level of
GCU Reflection Paper
870 Words | 4 PagesThe following test was a picture that the client needed to explain in complete sentences what was happening in the picture. This was to test if she had anomic aphasia because she would need to know the names of the words to explain the picture. Afterward, the client needed to tell the clinician everything that she remembers about John F. Kennedy. This was to test if she remembers a historical event from her past. Then, the client was shown pictures with objects on them and needed to describe them using only one word.
Ronald Cotton Case Study
1428 Words | 6 PagesAtkinson, R. C., and Shiffrin, R. M. Some speculations on storage and retrieval processes in long-term memory. Technical Report 127, Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences, Stanford University, 1968. Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals.
Jim's Inaccurate Flashbulb Memory
315 Words | 2 PagesFailure to encode a memory properly in our short-term memory can result in inaccurate long-term memories. Childhood amnesia is the inability of adults to retrieve
Flashbulb Memories
2199 Words | 9 PagesWhen the results were graphed it showed a U-curve because of the high percentage that was remembered in the beginning and the end but low percentage remembered in the middle. (Glanzer and Cunitz, 1966) Deep processing affects recall because we tend to remember information more if we analyze it more with meaning rather than the physical aspect of it. A study done on deep processing is Craik and Tulving (1975). Their aim was to investigate if the best way to recall was to analyze the deeper meaning of the material.
Annotated Bibliography
697 Words | 3 PagesA MANOVA was used to measure reading comprehension according to treatment group, grade, and time. In addition, Wilks’ lambda was applied to MANOVA in order to test whether there is a relationship between the independent and dependent variables. For example, “According to the MANOVA, there was a significant change in reading comprehension as a function of treatment group (Wilks' lambda = 11.25, p < .05)” (Lederer, 2000, p. 96). Also, Post Hoc Testing was used to indicate significant changes in the experimental group’s ability to answer assessment questions.
Phonological Encountering
669 Words | 3 PagesThis supported the researcher’s premises, that associative priming strengthens links within the phonological system, and in doing so reduces discrepancies by encouraging spread activation. It also appears that the age difference in participant groups resulted in minor differences in correct responses, with younger adults performing better. This study was interesting, because it explored an interest in a fairly common yet widely underestimated cognitive mishap. Everyone has encountered a ‘tip of the tongue’ moment and been struck by its recovery at the most odd of moments later.
Lisa Abrams
611 Words | 3 PagesAbrams’ (2008) explained the speech process is initiated by a nonverbal message, which is described as a general idea of what an individual wants to say. Subsequently, words are selected to translate the message, this is referred to as a lexical access. The lexical access is defined by two processes known as the lemma and phonology. The lemma contains the syntax, or the grammatical context of the word, in addition to the semantics, or meanings of the words. The sounds that form to create the word are known as the phonology of the word.
The Working Memory Model
1081 Words | 5 PagesWorking Memory Model The Working Memory Model is continued from the previous research of Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model that was tremendously successful in terms of the amount of research it produced. However, Allan Baddeley and Graham Hitch (1974) developed a substitute model of short-term memory which they called “working memory” because of it became obvious that there were a number of gaps with their ideas relating to the characteristics of short-term memory. They found that the overall idea provided by the Multi-Store Model about of short-term memory (STM) is too simple. Based to the Multi-Store Model, STM is a unitary system that holds partial quantity of information for short time with relatively little process and
Multistore Model Of Memory Analysis
1358 Words | 6 PagesHow reliable are the two models or theories of the cognitive process of memory, “|…|the process of maintaining information over time” (Matlin, 2005) , known as the multistore model (MSM) and the levels of processing model (LOP)? Both of these models have been widely criticized, but simultaneously they have improved our knowledge and understanding of how the process of memory works. In this essay both of these models of memory will be evaluated by presenting the strengths and limitations of each. The first model, the multistore model, was put forward by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) which suggests that the concept of memory involves three stores; the sensory stores, the short-term store (STS), and the long-term store (LTS).
Information Processing Theory: A Case Study
974 Words | 4 PagesIf information stored in the short-term memory is not learned and given attention, it will decay over time (Schunk 2012, p. 183). The short-term memory has a small capacity, and large amounts of information cannot all be stored (Schunk 2012, p. 183). To make it esier, information can be shortened or broken up to fit it in the short-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). Information that is used will be transferred into the long-term store/ long-term memory (Schunk 2012, p. 183). There are different strategies to strengthen the memory of information from short-term to long-term.
The Word Frequency Effect Model
782 Words | 4 PagesThe specific design of the LCA model provides an ideal framework for conceptualizing the basic mechanisms involved in making a lexical decision. The participants are provided with practice trials first and later for the main experiment, a list of words and non-words where they have to discriminate between the same. Where list of words and non-words is the same for both the participants. For the experimental group, the participants are provided with a distraction while performing the task where the words are presented at different locations in every
Age Of Acquisition Essay
545 Words | 3 PagesFindings show that WF plays an extensive role in most of the AoA studies. To define, WF takes place if a word is frequently met. (*) Therefore often used in day-to-day life, (eg; clear frequent vs incisive not that frequent) input and output has to be constant by this means, hearing and processing of the word thus verbally communicating them. To sum up words which is actively present within the sample's overall mental dictionary will lead to faster RT in recall, in contrast to the words which are less frequently used (Morrison & Ellis, 1995) Furthermore AoA studies have been highly conducted in the past few decades.
WISC-IV Critique
630 Words | 3 PagesThere are 15 subtests that are distributed between these four domains. Of those subtests ten of them are core subtests and the other five tests are supplementary tests (Plake, 2005). The Verbal Comprehension index will measure verbal attention, concentration, and processing speed. Assessment for the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) includes Similarities, Vocabulary, and Comprehension.
Essay On Short Term Memory
1873 Words | 8 PagesIntroduction According to information processing model, short term memory has a limited capacity to hold information (Atkinson & Shriffin, 1968). The span of short term memory is said to be limited to about seven items (+2) (Miller, 1956 as cited in Terry, 2000). Short-term memory is also an active memory where we do our active memory processing (Lefrancois, 2000). For this reason, several researches have called the short term memory the working memory store (Gordon, 1989).
Simple View Of Reading
541 Words | 3 PagesThe Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised assessed a student’s ability to read 42 isolated words in English for a maximum of 10 errors. The Word Attack
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