Adult Attachment Theory

Insecure attachment is “characterized by fear, anxiety, anger, or indifference.” (Berger 2014, pg.193). An infant becomes insecurely attached to his caregiver when the child has learned that there are no positive effects to emotional expressions. For example, when a caregiver allows the child to “cry it out” and is unresponsive to the child’s needs, the child will learn that his needs will not be fulfilled by others. This results in the child not being able to develop any emotional awareness and might feel emotionally detached from his caregiver.

They tend to have poor social skills, low self-esteem, anger and higher rates of depression and anxiety. It is due to independence is discouraged; children are taught to follow rules rather than taking initiatives. They are not taught how to think. This lack of independence, both emotional and physical, can eventually result in low self-esteem. Nevertheless, the kids often experience increased anxiety.

Survivors often experience conflictual relationships and chaotic lifestyles, frequently report difficulties forming adult intimate attachments and display behaviors that threaten and disrupt close relationships. (Impact of Child Abuse,

Overall, this article’s purpose was to address the proposal of attachment theory as a (transactional) theory of change for foster children. Tucker and MacKenzie did this by presenting seven hypotheses – the first three presented focus on placement change and how it affects risk of exit from foster care, while the last four focus on how change affects the rates of placement change, while not focusing on child characteristics. The overarching theme within this journal was how attachment theory played a role within the effects children within foster care were experiencing change. Attachment theory and the change processes in foster presented new information regarding to age and how age affects foster children’s risk. This study proposed the risks of exit and change affecting foster children depends on the age of the children.

When mentioning the Adult Attachment Theory, it provides the extensive work of Bowlby, 1997 for a clear understanding on the development of bonds with others. Likewise, the author delivers important insides into the early experience of mother/child relationships, but also in reference to adult/adult similarities. Waters et al, 2002 states how Bowlby replaced Freud´s Drive Reduction Model of psychodynamics structures about motivation, with the one that emphasizes roles relationships introducing a concept of mental model into his work, actually, Bowlby rejecting categorically his Drive Reduction Theory. Waters et al, 2002 also mention the statement that initially Bowlby documented and criticized some vulnerabilities in the originals Freud´s

Parents with mental illness experience more stress and problems with taking care of their children due to discipline. Furthermore, parents with mental illness may deal with hospitalization, child custody issues, issues with finances, and substance abuse. Parents with mental illness may have problems holding down a job which causes financial

Most parents have o intention to hurt their child on purpose, but sometimes they do it out of lack of experience or parenting skills (Lackovi-Grgin, 2000; Aberle et al., 2007). Adolescent Self-

In one study it was found that in Erikson’s theory people in the maturity and old age stage of psychosocial development spend time recalling and examining their life, accepting or regretting past choices. Whereas, the study found that younger people engaged in reflection to gain self-insight and find solutions to current problems, while older people used reflection of their past to evaluate their lives and achieve a sense of ego integrity. (Theories) In another study, it was found that Erikson stated that people suffer with identity crisis from around age 12 and resolve it by age 18. However, the study found that some people don’t find their identity till about age

Depression has been one of the major mental health issues for adolescents. Depression causes adolescents to feel sad and lose interest in activities they were once interested in. Adolescents experience many changes during their adolescence years. Due to their changes, adolescents experience several emotional changes. According to Mayo Clinic (2017), some issues that causes adolescents’ constant emotional changes are puberty, academic expectations, and changes of their bodies.

The article by Kotze and Venter relates to a study performed in an effort to prove or deny that emotional intelligence has a direct relationship with leadership effectiveness. Leadership effectiveness differentiates itself from leadership in that it is a measureable of the success of leadership as a process (Kotze & Venter). Research exists to support and deny claims that the two are directly related but after reading this

The interviews and questionnaires were conducted at seven checkpoints over the course of the study. The interviews and questionnaires addressed demographic, psychiatric, and psychosocial factors, participants’ socioeconomic status, recent life changes, work history, aggressive behavior, intimate partner history, parenting practices, and stress. The study found that children exposed to intimate partner violence between their parents may be at an increased risk for experiencing trauma symptoms in future. They are more prone to practicing negative parenting rather than positive parenting with their own children.

I was married for 10 years when I was younger. I have been married to my present wife for 28 years. My first wife and I were 19 and 22 years old when we were married. We had two children fairly early in our relationship. We lived away from family for four of the first five years of married life, so we did not have a lot of support from family.

Ainsworth’s descriptions of attachment were found to be related to relationship development. Specifically, adults with avoidant tendencies tend to be relatively uninterested in romantic relationships, have a higher breakup rate than secure adults (Shaver & Brennan, 1992), and grieve less after a breakup (Simpson, 1990). Anxious adults are obsessed with their romantic partners and form extreme jealousy (Collins, 1996; Hazan & Shaver, 1987). Relationships with a partner who has an anxious attachment have a higher rate for breakups as well.

Homework #3 Mary Ainsworth was a very influential figure in the field of psychology. Not only did she focus on the scientific study of love, but she also looked at how this theory developed. Mary’s lifelong process looked at the origins and nature of attachments between the interactions of infants and their primary caregivers.

Moreover, it is commonly acknowledged that attachment relationships are important for learning emotion regulation skills. Thus, a poor attachment relationship might lead to deprivation/lack of these skills. So why have not these three areas been combined more frequently? While securely attached individuals are likely to use problem solving or social support seeking, insecurely attached individuals might instead turn to self-harm or substance abuse (Kimball & Diddams, 2007). The lack of adaptive emotion regulation skills might lead the individual to feel unable to handle complex and abstract emotions, such as stress and anxiety.