Physics IA – Newton’s Second Law: Atwood Machine
INTRODUCTION
An Atwood’s Machine is a device that consists of a light string over a pulley with different weights on either side of the string. When released the heavier mass accelerates downward. This motion is due to the force of gravity acting on the weight. The weights both have the same acceleration because the pulley redirects the force from the heavier object to the lighter object, but with the opposite sign. A diagram of the set-up is shown below. Fig 1
PERSONAL ENGAGEMENT
‘’What is gravity?’. This question has always intrigued me since I started learning about acceleration due to gravity along with Newton’s equations of motion. Now in my physics classes I have learnt that gravity
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This is because the force acting against the force of gravity (which is the smaller weight) will be increasingly smaller and the mass being acted on by the force of gravity will be increasingly larger. When the difference between the masses is held constant and the total mass is increased the acceleration will likely decrease. This is because the difference in mass relative to the total mass will be decreasing which will result in an increasingly larger force acting against the force of gravity, while the mass being acted on by gravity will be increasingly closer to the relative weight of the other mass. The differences and increases will likely have a linear relationship for each …show more content…
FURTHER UNCERTAINTIES AND ERRORS IN THE EXPERIMENT
• One of the biggest errors in the experiment was the change of string. While conducting the experiment a very thin string was used but due to tension with the greater mass combinations like 0.16kg and 0.04kg the string broke. Therefore, to compensate for the error another piece of string was taken which was thicker and stronger.
• The next error in the experiment was the change in height of the fall of the heavier mass. As the string broke, it was not possible to get the same length of string to maintain the same height due to shortage of time. Therefore, the closest height that could be measured the fastest so that the experiment continued was 0.35m as compared to 0.41m. the break in the string came during the second trial of the 0.16kg and 0.04kg data point. Therefore, the last data point had a completely different set of readings as compared to what it would have been had the string not broken.
• The other error would be the stopping and starting of the stopwatch. As the height decreased the time taken also decreased. Throughout the experiment as well there was human error of not stopping the stopwatch the moment the heavier mass reached the
Calculation: Initial Mass(g)-Final Mass (g)=Change in Mass (g) Trial 1 74.5-62.0=12.5(g) Trial 2 272.7-271.5=1.2(g) Percent Error: 272.7-271.5 x 100 272.7 =0.440% Percent Change: 74.5-62.0 x 100 74.5 (Trial 1) =16.778% 272.7-271.5 x 100 272.7 (Trial 2) =0.440%
# 1: Part B Explain in 2 or 3 sentences how the atomic weight is what is reported. Answer # 1: Atomic weight or atomic mass is basically the average mass of atoms of an element. Atomic mass is calculated by using the naturally occurring relative abundance of isotopes. Atomic weight determines the size of the atom.
The hypothesis made, the density calculated in the experiment will stay the same because the density of the unidentified object will never change, was supported. The results support the hypothesis because in every trial the density always came out to 9g/mL. In trial one the mass was 71.16g, the volume was 8mL, and the density was 8.895g/mL, but when rounded to the proper sig fig came out to 9g/mL. In trial two the mass was 71.12g, the volume was 8mL, and the density was 8.89g/mL, but when rounded to the proper sig fig came out to 9g/mL. In trial three the mass was 71.14g, the volume was 8mL, and the density was 8.8925g/mL, but when rounded to the proper sig fig came out to 9g/mL. When averaged the mass was 71.14g, the volume was 8mL, and the density was 9g/mL. Errors that could have occurred are, not calculating the density correctly, not completely submerging the unidentified object with water in the graduated cylinder to get the volume, not rounding the sig figs correctly when finding the density, not measuring the unidentified object’s mass in grams, not measuring the unidentified object’s volume in milliliters, and not writing the correct units with the proper number or not the correct unit at all.
It’s harder to get a freight train to accelerate than it is to get a mosquito to accelerate. We always call m the mass, not the weight. Newton’s Third Law: Law of Action-Reaction: If there exists a force on body A due to body B: F~ AB then the body A must also exert a force F~ BA on body B so that these two forces have the same magnitude: FAB =
First the ball had a small hole directly in the center and the rod had an uneven end these presented challenges for getting an accurate measurement in step III. Second the errors in the measurements were carried through and expanded by the calculations performed. The obtaining the volume via the displacement method was only one step without calculations. Thus I believe the displacement method produce better measurments. 4.
During the experiment, observations were made of their color, mass, height, and width. This data shows percent mass change of the gummy bear and how the gummy bear was affected by the salt water. It also displays how the height and the width of the gummy bear changed because of the salt water, which made the gummy bear more compact. The more salt that was added to the distilled water, the more compact it was, however, if there was not a lot of salt in the mixture, it became large and fragile. The mass of the gummy bear was increased as a result of less salt being added with the distilled water.
This in turn does not add a greater gravitational pull downward due to the greater level of mass. Which means that the string has added tension, which pulls the cart faster in table number 2. How does the acceleration in Data Table 3 compare with that of Data Table 1? Why do we observe this difference?
Weight and Truth, two terms with definitions that appear as simple and concrete ideas. Simply put, Weight is the measure of how heavy something is. Truth is a fact about an event or idea. However, in the Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, a fictional novel about a squad of American soldiers in the Vietnam War narrated by a character who takes the author’s name, O’Brien uses his own definitions of Weight and Truth. The men carry physical and mental burdens both during and after the war.
In this lab there were five different stations. For the first station we had to determine an unknown mass and the percent difference. To find the unknown mass we set up the equation Fleft*dleft = Fright*dright. We then substituted in the values (26.05 N * 41cm = 34cm * x N) and solved for Fright to get (320.5g). To determine the percent difference we used the formula Abs[((Value 1 - Value 2) / average of 1 & 2) * 100], substituted the values (Abs[((320.5 - 315.8) /
The final mass could be far off due to the water and chunks of expanded gummy bears found in the beaker, leading to an inaccurate result. As well, for the sugar solution, the result could have been different if a more accurate measurement of the sugar needed was made. For the specific result, the hypothesis stated, the sugar solution needed to have an equal amount of sugar content to the gummy bear which did not occur. Ensuring that the beaker contained 10 grams of sugar was off, due to prerequisite calculations that lead to too much liquid in the beaker that needed to be removed. To be correct, the hypotheses that were wrong could
There are two kinds of weights. The high mass and the low mass. The high mass is shaped kind of like a pancake. It is also usually placed near the shell of the bal. This weight would be in the plastic or the Urethane bowling ball because it wont put a big curve or hook on it.
To find the momentum of the highest drop, the mass of the container with the egg inside it, 0.600 kg, was collected, and the final velocity of 15.0 m/s was calculated. This velocity was calculated by multiplying gravity by the time it took for the container to fall this distance. The final velocity and mass were then multiplied together to get the momentum, which is 9.00 kg m/s. Impulse is the change in an object 's momentum and can quantify the overall effect of a force acting over a specific time. To find the impulse for the highest drop, the value of the force exerted on the container was calculated by multiplying the mass with gravity, which equals 5.89 N. This force was then multiplied by the time it took for the drop, 1.53 s, which equalled an impulse of 9.01 Ns. The impulse and momentum is the same because, in a collision, an object experiences a force for a specific time interval that results in a change in momentum.
Mickey Ngobeni Research Question: Is the movie ‘Gravity’, according to Newton’s laws and physics in general, accurate? Introduction: ‘Gravity’ is a sci-fi, techno-thriller movie that has its plot’s setting based in space. Astronauts (main characters: Sandra Bullock as ‘Dr. Ryan Stone’ and George Clooney as ‘Matt Kolwaski’) are sent into space, yet encounter a series of events, most of which is susceptible to occur in outer space (Foogray, 2015). Questions have risen as to how accurate the movie is according to physics and Newton’s law, and many have been answered.
The time it took for each of the trials was a recorded and then based on that along with the radii measurements the calculations for the centripetal force were conducted. The purpose of this experiment was to measure the period of a swinging stopper for three selected radii in order to calculate the centripetal
DESIGN PSOW Ajit Rajendran 13H To Determine the Time Taken for a muffin paper cup to reach the ground, while Changing the Height of each experiment Introduction: In this experiment the aim is to determine the time taken for an empty muffin paper cup to reach the ground, by changing the height the empty cup is dropped from. Both variable mentioned are going to measured (height and time taken), when conducting the experiment. In order to have a fair experiment, certain factors will be kept the same throughout the experiment: the same paper cup will be used, the dimensions of the paper cup will be constant (where external factors do not affect the shape), the method in which the paper cup will be dropped.