Literature Review On Autism Children

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Autism Children

1.1. What is autism

Generally autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are present from birth. It has characteristic of impaired social interaction and communication and they often have a repetitive behavior (Rias, Dehkordi, 2013). Impaired social interaction is lack of ability to engage conversation with peers (Aboulafia, 2012), children with autism do not attract the attention of people around them by pointing their finger to the object that interest them (Toran, 2011). Children with autism need to learn the social skill rather than just observe it (Chatzara, Karagiannidis & Stamatis, 2012). While impaired in communication is they unable to communicate by verbal or nonverbal way (Aboulafia, 2012). They

This apps also use basic visual support to express the polite phrases from the story. It is suitable for children with the age of preschool and children who have a social delay such as autism. In the menu interface it show user to read the book or to access button that will speak polite phrases when tapped.

Some individuals, mainly those with communication and social delays such as an autism spectrum disorder, may need more straightforward instruction in learning to common polite phrases and guidelines for having good manners.

Teaching conversational skills to children may be easier and less stressful when aid with visuals, like social stories are used. Simple text and this social story uses simple text and expressive pictures to describe why and how to be polite so they do not hurt someone’s feelings.

Taking care of my device story

Figure 2.4: screenshot of “Taking care of my device story” Android apps on Google

Simple text and this social story uses simple text and expressive pictures to describe how to use the potty training.

Conclusion The technique that will be used in new application is based on the Gray’s guideline.

Table 2.2:Basic social story sentences

Type of sentence Function of sentence Example

1. Descriptive Objectively define where a situasion occurs, who is involved, what they are doing, and why “My school has many room.”

2. Perspective Describe a person’s internal states, e.g a person’s physical state or desire, perceptual perspective, thoughts, feelings or beliefs and motivations “The children are hungry. “

3. Directive Directly define what is expected as a response to a given cue or situation “I will try to talk quietly inside.”

4. Control Written by a child, usually through the use of analogies, to identifies strategies the child may use to recall the information in a social story, reassure him- or herself, or define his or her response “Lunch lines and turtles are both very slow.”

Source: Chan, 2005

Those guideline is made by carol gray to help the autism understand act in social situations (Hanley-hocdorfer, Bray, Kehle, 2010). The social story can be read by children or to the children (Chan,