Autism In Pakistan

(2015). Child protection investigations in out-of-home care: Perpetrators, victims, and contexts. Child Maltreatment, 20(4), 251. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1732543511?accountid=7098 Morton, Brenda. "Seeking Safety, Finding Abuse: Stories From Foster Youth On Maltreatment And Its Impact On Academic Achievement."

Knowing, valuing and shaping one’s culture: A precursor to acknowledging accepting and respecting the culture of others. Multicultural Education, 14, 15-19. Clay, D. L. (2007). Culturally competent interventions in schools for children with physical health problems. Psychology in The Schools, 44(4), 389-396.

In this literature review, five articles will be reviewed, on the effects of music on child development in early childhood. Comparing research on children who have been exposed to music in early childhood, the effect of music on the development of the baby in the womb, and children who have not been exposed to music. While also making reference to research on how music therapy affects children with Autism and the effects of music therapy in the treatment of children with delayed speech development. The first article will examine the effects of Mozart 's music on child development. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of "The Mozart Effect: Music for Children ' ' collection on children 's social, cognitive, and physical development ages five and six years.

Article Review: Attachment theory & change processes in foster care Tucker, D. J., & MacKenzie, M. J. (2012). Attachment theory and change processes in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review,34(11), 2208-2219. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.07.020 Within the following paper, I intend to review the article, Attachment theory and the change processes in foster care written by David J. Tucker and Michael J. MacKenzie. Tucker is a respected professor from the University of Michigan’s School of Social Work, while MacKenzie is a professor from the prestige Columbia University.

After observing children in the field, Watson hypothesized that the fearful response of children to loud noises is an innate unconditioned response. He wanted to test the notion that by following the principles of the procedure now known as "classical conditioning", he could use this unconditioned response to condition a child to fear a distinctive stimulus that normally would not be feared by a child (in this case, furry objects). Method Edit The aim of Watson and Rayner was to condition a phobia in an emotionally stable child. [1] For this study they chose a nine-month old infant from a hospital referred to as "Albert" for the experiment. [2] Watson followed the procedures which Pavlov had used in his experiments with dogs.

The Learning perspective argues that children imitate what they see and hear,and that children learn from punishment and reinforcement. (Shaffer,Wood,& Willoughby,2002). The main theorist associated with the learning perspective is B.F. Skinner. Skinner argued that adults shape the speech of children by reinforcing the babbling of infants that sound most like words. (Skinner,1957,as cited in Shaffer,et.al,2002).

The article I selected researched racial and ethnic disparities in ADHD diagnosis from kindergarten to eighth grade across the United States. This article best exemplifies the longitudinal Survey design through its exploration into what extent does racial and ethnic disparities play in the diagnosis of attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder also known as (ADHD) in children in early grades or middle school education. Diagnosis of any disability can have serious implications on student performance; this research emphasizes the importance of racial disparities in the diagnoses of learners in classrooms across the country. Morgan (2013) suggest minority students are dispproportional diagnosed and treated for ADHD. As such the effects of racial disparities on these learners can begin in kindergarden and have lasting effects on how people, learners, and educators arrive at understanding.

PSYCHOTHERAPY ASSIGNMENT: 1. Effectiveness of play therapy on various psychiatric disorders. “You can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a year of conversation.” - Plato Introduction: The Association for Play Therapy defined play therapy as “the systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process wherein trained play therapists use the therapeutic powers of play to help clients prevent or resolve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal growth and development” Play therapy refers to a method of psychotherapy with children in which a therapist uses a child's fantasies and the symbolic meanings of his or her play as a medium for understanding and communication with the child. The aim of play therapy is to decrease those behavioural and emotional difficulties that interfere significantly with a child's normal functioning. Inherent in this aim is improved communication and understanding between the child and his parents.

In the third stage, the Validity Checklist studies the psychology of the child being questioned; the interview process of the child and the therapist; the motivational issues in the case and the interview questions. The detailed analysis would help in removing bias or distortion of data. (Raskin and Esplin ,1991) In the Kelly Michaels

Attachment Theory versus Maslow’s Theory JaLesa Byes University of Alaska Anchorage This developmental theories and parenting paper, I will examine my ideas for parenting tips using attachment theory and Maslow’s hierarchy. I will use both attachment theory and Maslow’s hierarchy to better understand my four key parenting tips: No hitting No abusive language Understanding the importance of safe touch Utilizing play to nurture a holistic child The Attachment Theory was observed by John Bowlby (1969). Bowlby’s theory consisted of three major findings (pp. #-#). In the first finding, Rene Spitz (1946) found that infants that were raised in a foundation such as an orphanage suffered in physical and emotional development even if