14th August, 1947 marks the day of Independence for Pakistan, a state waving the flag of liberty for the Muslims of the Sub-continent. The golden vision of Iqbal was achieved in the form of freedom and the establishment of Pakistan as an independent, sovereign State, fifth largest in the world. This freedom was attained at the cost of the sufferings and sacrifices of –where many died and greater were left to mourn for them. But we Pakistanis got what we fought for and that was the only relief that kept us together. Dark days of slavery were long past and Pakistan was a new dawn for the Muslims of the Sub-continent. But it was not a dawn that the people hoped for. People managed for the starting years but it became clear soon that Pakistan was not the true realization of Iqbal’s dream. Soon power hungry politicians and military generals started to grab the high positions and all the sacrifices and wounds were in vain. Military coups started to take place when politicians showed illegitimacy and corruption. But the military governments were not exactly good too. I am writing this piece to compare Ayub Khan’s era and Bhutto’s era. But to do that it is essential that all the social, political and economic aspects are considered with due regard. Only after analyzing all these aspects can we decide which era benefited Pakistan the most. And by benefit I mean achieving high socio-economic growth, human development and decreasing corruption. General Muhammad Ayub Khan took over
The Mongols sought to expand their influence as a means to benefit from the activities of sedentary societies, specifically from peasants and merchants. Additionally, the Mongols’ leader, Chenggis Khan, sought to “bring the world under one sword,"
The Mongols did not trust the Chinese, so they had foreigners come in to govern the people. They took away the traditional Confucian way of government. In the Middle East, the Mongols took the highest positions, but gave the lower positions to the people showing that there was more trust. The Mongols didn 't disrupt the original government, instead they used it to their advantage. Mongols
Genghis Khan was a great and powerful leader who had very strong ideas on warfare and put them into use. those ideas are still being used today such as their army platoons. So in this way I think that Genghis Khan had a positive way in the world but in weird ways. Even though Genghis khan destroyed many cities he was the only leader to keep all of china together for hundreds of years. and he was the creator of pax mongolica.
According to (Doc 4), the Mongols created a vast network of trade routes and provided safe passage for merchants, which led to an increase in economic activity. Additionally, (Doc 6) highlights the importance of pastoralism in Mongol culture, which led to the introduction of new farming techniques and animal husbandry practices in conquered territories. The evidence from these documents supports the claim that Mongol rule positively impacted the economy of the lands they conquered. The role of trade and commerce in the Mongol Empire.
The Mongols had a positive effect on the world because of their trade fighting tactics and inventions. Genghis Khan was a good and brave ruler he had a powerful empire with good generals to lead his armies into battle. One of the negatives are that he would kill and slaughter entire villages to take their land and he would save women and children One of the positives is the trade during the Mongol rule. The main trade route was the silk road and for a while the silk road was very dangerous to travel down.
Many factors and events have led and caused the overthrow of the
The Mongols were a group of nomadic people that had a far from good reputation. Eight centuries ago the Mongols conquered much of the known world led by Genghis Khan. Their violent and rash actions got them the name ¨Barbarians¨, which was a term referring to people who were beyond reach of humanity, people who were evil or savage. The Mongols committed many barbaric crimes and they are shown through places they passed through, Genghis Khan, and their beliefs.
The Pax Mongolia introduced many of the lasting effects still seen today. The Mongolians also improved commerce thru the Silk Road. This improvement made it possible to share more items and ideas. An important item shared was gunpowder of which was brought into Europe. This revolutionized warfare in unimaginable ways.
As the Mongols ravaged the plains of China, they needed to establish a new government to control the newly conquered people. The Mongols were distrustful of the Chinese governments and their Confucius ways, so they kicked the Chinese out of government and replaced them with Mongol rulers. In the Middle East however, the Mongols left the rulers and political system relatively unchanged except for establishing Mongol rulers in the highest positions of law. But Persian authorities still held smaller, less powerful positions. In general, the Mongols were much more relaxed in the governing of the Middle East.
Also, he stated that since the rulers/masters were cruel to their people, the ones that escaped tried to take revenge. On the other hand, in Doc 2, written by Han fei tzu, a Legalist philosopher, believed that the kingdom would be weak if the laws were weak. To prevent this, he said that there should be one supreme ruler that has absolute control over everything in the way that he wants to so as to not lose power and authority. This is significant because these liabilities and benefits show how, depending on how the government was run, and how the rulers treated their people, the people would rebel or would be fine with the rules. Based on the general history of Classical India, there appear to be more benefits since different religions/beliefs systems emerged, the government Became more organized,
They allowed for the improvement of dangerous conditions and the
His reign led to many rebellions, which obviously caused many people to lose their lives. If you resisted and your life ended, the lives of your relatives could also be taken to weed out any possible traitors. (Which I found rather brutal.) Also, if one were to be conquered and not killed, enslaved, or imprisoned, they’d be taxed heavily. As stated before, the Mongols were ordered to destroy the farmlands to make room for pasture, which led to the starvation of many people.
This proved to be helpful since they did not fully back the aristocrats and their government
Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan recounts the event of the Partition of India, which happened in 1947. Set in a fictional village of Mano Majra, the novel aims to depict the cultural and political clash between the Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims and, by following the development of the characters, unveil the moral of humanity. Throughout the novel, Singh portrays the experience of conflict that each character, including Juggut Singh, Iqbal Singh, and Hukum Chand, has to deal with. Based on the characters’ development, Singh’s goal is to present the idea that love always conquers the power of violence and ethnic antagonism. Singh starts off with a description of the Partition and of Mano Majra, a habitat for Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims.
As examining the Indo-Pakistani conflict through rationalist lenses should not be radically denied, this thesis will test conventional constructivism as a method in studying Pakistan 's situation. 4. Post-Colonialism I will explain the basic assumptions of Post-Colonialism, its usefulness and its weaknesses. Its operative characteristics.