Azotobacter's Role In Nitrogen
Azotobacter is a free-living diastrophic bacteria which are aerobic soil microbes and play an important role in the nitrogen cycle. Azotobacter is non-pathogenic. It is mostly found in neutral soils, in aquatic environments and on some plants. It is used by humans in bio fertilizers, food additives and some biopolymers. Although Azotobacter has many metabolic functions it’s most well known in nitrogen fixing. Azotobacter was discovered in 1901 by Dutch botanist Martinus Beijerinck.
Azotobacter is a mixotrophic bacteria which means that it is both autotrophic and heterotrophic.
Classification
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Pseudomonadaceae/ Azotobacteraceae
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Nitrogen fixation is used in relation to the rotation of crops and fertilization. Azotobacter is useful in gauging the health of the farming soil.
Experiments done in Russia and India on crops such as wheat, barley and sugar cane revealed that when azotobacter bio fertilizer was added in soil with poor organic matter content the improvement to the soil was marginal, however the results for soils rich in organic matter were more positive.
The bio fertilizer helps plants indirectly through improving the nutrient in the soil and through better nitrogen fixation.
Currently azotobacter increases crop growth at 10-35%, and it was deduced that higher results occurred at lower fertilizer levels.
The benefits to the crops are that it increases the percentage of seed germination, increases root and shoot length, improves nitrogen nutrition, reduces disease in plants in disease incidence Increase in grain yield Improved post-harvest seed quality in terms and it improves
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