Essay On Babesiosis
Babesiosis is a parasitic enzootic disease that is triggered by the infection of vertebrate erythrocytes with the protozoan Babesia species. Babesiosis is considered one of the most significant tick-borne infectious diseases of both domestic and wild mammals, and when it infects humans, it still poses substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This condition shares a plethora of clinical features with malaria (one of the most important parasitic diseases) and can be fatal – especially in the immunocompromised and the elderly.
The characteristic microorganisms that we now perceive as babesia were first identified by Babes in 1888 when he was trying to figure out the cause of hemoglobinuria in cattle. Only five years after that, Kilbourne
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The primary tick vector of Babesia microti is Ixodes scapularis (commonly known as deer or blacklegged ticks), and its primary reservoir is the white-footed mouse (which may also harbor Borrela burgdorferi, a causative agent of Lyme disease).
During the life cycle of Ixodes scapularis, each of the three known active stages (i.e. larva, nymph and adult) necessitates a blood meal (taken from a vertebrate host) to mature to the next stage. The tick transmission cycle starts in late summer when newly hatched larvae from adult females’ eggs ingest the parasitic agent with a blood meal taken from an infected rodent, where it remains dormant while larvae molt to the nymphal stage.
Nymphs then transmit the parasite to vertebrate hosts the following year, usually in late spring and early summer. Although larvae, nymphs and adults can all feed on humans, the nymph is the prime vector due to its minute size and summer activity. Therefore infected individuals may not recall a tick bite, as the size of Ixodes scapularis nymphs is akin to the size of a poppy
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