ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS
Based on the experiment conducted by El-Sheshtawy et al. (2015) the sulphate reducing bacterial utilizes sulphate and carbon as energy sources in terms of growth requirements; this bacterium plays a negative role in the microbial enhanced oil recovery. Bacillus licheniformis produced biosurfactants that act as antimicrobial agents against the sulphate reducing bacteria, thus reducing the growth of the sulphate reducing bacteria at different concentrations. This bacterium can be used as a bio-control agent against sulphate reducing bacteria to control the production of hydrogen sulphide which results in the souring of the crude oil. Gomaa (2013) further showed that biosurfactants can be used to treat many diseases and therapeutic agents, since biosurfactants are anti-adhesive to pathogens. An experiment on antimicrobial activity of biosurfactants by B. licheniformis strain M104 grown on whey as a carbon source was conducted. The results showed that biosurfactants produced from B. licheniformis strain M104 exhibited interesting antimicrobial activities against a variety of other tested
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El-Sheshtawy et al. (2015) found that during the stationary phase of the growth curve, the biosurfactants production was achieved within 72 hours of the incubation period. Furthermore, the surface tension and the emulsification power obtained indicated that B. licheniformis has the ability to produce biosurfactants. The foaming ability reduced the surface tension and increases the emulsification power, thereby again giving a qualitative indication of the production of biosurfactants. However, factors such as the increase in sodium chloride concentration somewhat affected the surface activity of the surfactin solution. On the contrary a slight increase of the surface tension was observed due to high concentrations of sodium
Identification of bacteria within Unknown Culture #21 In this experiment, an unknown culture of two different types of bacteria was assigned to each person, a number of tests were performed to isolate and identify these bacterial cells. Based on knowledge from the previous experiments completed in lab, a basic understanding of each type of bacteria was used to create a flow chart that would aid the process of identifying the unknown bacteria within the culture. A gram stain that is performed initially will narrow down the types of tests certain bacteria will and will not respond to. In addition to the gram stain, some of the tests that were used include, a catalase test, an Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar test, a bile esculin test, and a 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) test.
Our hypothesis was partially correct, the property changing substances did have the weakest coherency with the lowest drop counts of 23(carbonated), and 14(soap), and pure water did have the strongest bond. What we also found was the the salt also dampened the liquid’s ability to hold onto a penny in large volumes, as all the different salts had a drop average of 24(28x2 & 16), five less than Tap water’s drop count (30). This led us to conclude that pure water has the strongest bond and that all foreign materials weaken the coherency of water. This evidence has led me to believe that similar substances are attracted and are more coherent towards themselves, in this case the water pieces get separated and generally less connected on a really small level due to the obstruction of foreign objects, this is why the different salts perform better than the huge air bubbles or the slippery properties of soap since the latter is more obstructive and the former dissolves with the water and blocks less. When studying a few other groups’ conclusions and data we did indeed find differences: some groups had differing data where a solution had better coherence than water itself which led to differing conclusions.
Name: Avishak Deb Roy Partners: Leevell Penn, Varugh, Butler Bio 101 Lab Report #1 02.22.2018 Swimming speed of paramecium tetraurelia in different levels of treatment. Introduction Paramecia is a unicellular Protista which are naturally found in aquatic habitats. It is easily cultured in the laboratory. It is oblong shaped and covered with short hairy structure called cilia. Paramecia does not pose any health or ethical concerns and the population can be maintained if there is a food source such as Enterobacter (Biological Foundation 7).
In this experiment, we cultivated an unknown specimen containing two microorganisms. The purpose of this experiment was to use a variety of biochemical test previously learned in the lab to identify the unknown bacteria. The identification of unknown bacteria is a major part of microbiology. Microbiologist observe samples such as blood and sputum in the laboratory for the presence of microorganisms. Identifying unknown bacteria is extremely important in clinical settings because it helps physicians find treatment for infections.
Purpose: To identify an unknown microorganism by performing a series of biochemical tests on a pure bacterial culture. Materials and Methods: Tests: Lactose fermentation: Fermentation makes energy available for use by microorganisms by anaerobic breakdown of carbohydrates. The product can either be an acid or gas. When it is positive, the broth will turn from red to yellow and if gas is present a bubble is formed.
Prelab Part I The water creeps up the paper due to the adhesive and cohesive intermolecular bondings and forces, and also due to capillary action. The cornstarch polymer is bigger in size than the sodium bitartrate and sodium bicarbonate, which have a Na atom.
Transformation in bacteria usually takes place when a bacterial cell accepts strange DNA and integrates to its own DNA. The transformation normally takes place within plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules that have been separate from its own chromosome. The copies of the same plasmid range from 10 to 200 copies within a cell. These copies of plasmids may multiply when the chromosome replicate or multiply independently. One plasmid has a range of 1,000 to 200,000 base pairs.
A starch agar plate was inoculated with a streak of the unknown bacteria and then incubated. On the second day of incubation, the plate was removed from the incubator and placed over a hot plate heating Iodine solids. The smoke of the Iodine stained the plate to display the presence or absence of a halo around the bacteria 2.12 Lipid Hydrolysis This test was done by making a single line streak inoculation on a tributyrin agar plate and allowing incubation. After the incubation period, the plate was observed for the presence or absence of a halo around the bacteria.
This plate was allowed to incubate overnight, When the plate was revisited, and found that the colonies of bacteria were a green color. When observed under a UV light, the bacteria glowed. This proved that arabinose is the cause of the green
The holocaust was a horrible period in time, lasting from 1933 to 1945 and killing over 11 million people, 6 million being Jewish. With 20,000 concentration camps each serving a different purpose, whether it was a transit camp, forced labor camp or extermination camp. On July 16, 1937 the camp Buchenwald was established and set up to be a forced labor camp where the prisoners would build the place in which they stayed and the fence that went around the camp. Buchenwald prisoners included Jews, criminals, Jehovah witnesses, gypsies, and homosexuals. Buchenwald was one of the first and largest concentration camp on German soil with 130 sub camps.
When you add soap it makes the amount of drops decrease in comparison to the water. Introduction: In this experiment, it deals with surface tension. In easier terms, surface tension is basically a property of the surface of a liquid. This allows the specific liquid, in this case water and soapy water, to resist an external force.
The aim of the experiment was to test what effects that ethanol solution has on the membrane permeability of B. Vulgaris. The B. Vulgaris samples were approximately 1cm3. They were kept the same size to ensure accurate results. A control test was conducted in distilled water to obtain a result to compare. The ethanol treatments were 40% and 70%.
Bacteria can be found on most surfaces, especially in the school environment. According to the NSF, a singular water fountain contains 2,700,000 colony forming units of bacteria per square inch, that’s more than an average toilet. By sharing supplies and switching classes everyday, the spread of bacteria can happen rapidly. Schools are a playground full of bacteria and through testing several surfaces, the results will show which contains the most bacteria. My original question starting this lab was will the technology have more bacteria due to how much people use them?
The B. Vulgaris samples were approximately 1cm3. They were kept the same size to ensure accurate results. A control test was conducted in distilled water to obtain a result to compare. The ethanol treatments were 40% and 70%. To prepare the solutions a 70% ethanol solution was used to make 40%.
Joshua Miller 12/18/17 Fermentation Lab report Introduction The term fermentation refers to the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat (wikipedia). Sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol when fermentation happens. In this experiment we determined if yeast cells undergo fermentation when placed in a closed flask with no oxygen. Glucose and yeast are mixed together in a closed flask and allowed to incubate for about one hour.