Bacteria And Bacteria Pros And Cons

This report is about identifying the respective genus of the given unknown organism. The goal is to show and prove the student’s understanding of microbiology and laboratory learned experimental techniques. The student is to use studied tests to eliminate possible generas and to isolate the correct genus and identify it to the given unknown. This proves the diversity of microorganisms and their uniquely varying traits. The resulting data obtained in class will enhance students’ laboratory skills and knowledge regarding microbial laboratory.

Whenever we speak of life, we must think in terms of cells. Even though we cannot see cells without a microscope, they are the basic unit of life and they exhibit all of the characteristics of living organisms. They can exist individually, as do bacteria, or they may work together, taking on specialized tasks to create a more complex organism. However, all living organisms share certain characteristics, which are discussed below.

There are protozoal, anthropod , helminths, bacterial, and viral. Protozoa are one-celled organisms, they can multiply in the human body which allows them survival and permits serious infections to develop from just a single organism. An arthropod is an invertabrate having a skeleton, a segmented body and jointed appendages and they are larger than protozoa for example lice, ticks. Helminths are known as parasitic worms, are large multicellular organisms, which when mature can generally be seen with the naked eye. They are often referred to as intestinal worms even though not all helminths reside in the intestines. Bacteria are living things that have only one cell. Under a microscope, they look like balls, rods, or spirals. Many are helpful. Some bacteria help to digest food, destroy disease-causing cells, and give the body needed vitamins. Bacteria are also used in making healthy foods like yogurt. Viruses are capsules with genetic material inside. They are very tiny, much smaller than bacteria. Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. They also cause severe illnesses such as HIV/AIDS,

A viruses is a non-living infection agent and can be found anywhere. it has no cell organelles. They are eliminated by the immune system. Viruses are the smallest in size of all the microbes. they may attack almost any living organism. Viruses will invade a cell in the body and uses part of the cell to multiple causing new viruses to produce. Bacteria are much larger than viruses. they live everywhere. many bacteria will not cause an infection. Bacteria multiple itself by division. Viruses and bacteria both are microscopic, contain proteins, and cause disease.

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms found in all different environments throughout Earth, from the hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean to the ice at the top of a mountain. These microorganisms are used to teach us how multicellular organisms came to be and how they can survive today. These small, microscopic organisms are so unique that the identification of them is paramount in the advancements of science. Knowing the chemical makeup, the shape, and the biochemical processes is important in identifying these organisms to understand how they survive and where.

Bacteria’s can have different features, shapes, and or arrangements that help microbiologist determined their role in our life (whether they are good or bad for humans). Bacteria can be classified as gram positive or negative (difference in call wall). Gram positive bacteria have a thick cell wall of peptidoglycan (“polymer of disaccharides cross-linked by shorts chains of amino acids”), and stains purple after the staining procedure under a microscope (Todar, Kenneth,

The gram negative species are apart of the Enterobacteriaceae family. These are gram-negative rods, which are facultatively aerobic - either respiring or fermenting. Most are motile via a flagella (Carson, 2015). Salmonella enterica and Yersinia enterocolitica are both paracolons, which lack the ability to ferment lactose. Conversely, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are both coliforms, which are able to ferment lactose. Of the Enterobacteriaceae family, there are genera that are in the normal human flora. Some species such as K. pneumoniae and E. coli are opportunistic pathogens which can capitalize on weakened host defenses and cause food poisoning (Baron, 1996). S. enterica secrete proteins that help aid in intracellular invasion and proliferation (Hensel, 2009). K. pneumoniae is a part of the normal human mouth, skin, and intestine flora, but can wreak havoc if inhaled (Ryan,

INTRODUCTION: Quick look at your hands do you see them. (attention) Do I see what you might be asking? Well the millions of bacteria that are currently hanging out on your hands. (credibility) I am here today to focus in on how you can protect yourself from these invisible killers. Probably the single most repeated thing in my nursing classes has been hand washing. (rapport) You might be thinking well I am not a nursing student so this does not apply to me, but I hope to prove to you the importance of washing your hands several times a day. The problem I want to focus on is that many people don’t wash their hands, people need to wash their hands, and you should wash your hands many times a day. (preview)

In section 2 of worksheet 6 you will be asked to answer a series of short answer, critical thinking and case study questions. Please consider each question carefully and then answer in your own words. Below is the rubric that will be used to evaluate your answers. Please review it carefully.

Why is chemical research so difficult to get the right chemical or the right reaction?

Colistin is an antibiotic that works best against Gram-negative bacteria. It works by binding to LPSs (lipopolysaccrides) and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of the bacteria. This, in turn, disrupts the outer cell membrane by displacing cations and leaking the intracellular contents, combining it with outer cellular contents, causing the bacteria to be unable to differentiate the bacteria’s intra and outer cellular contents from one another. This ultimately leads to the bacteria’s death.

Biochemical tests are the tests used for the identification of bacterial species based on the differences in the biochemical activities of different bacteria. Bacterial physiology differs from one species to the other. These differences in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism, production of certain enzymes and ability to utilize a particular compound help them to be identified by the biochemical tests. Gram’s stain was originally devised by histologist Hans Christian Gram in 1884. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria stain pink when subjected to Gram staining. Approximately 60-90% of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan and interwoven teichoic acid, while only

Diseases are caused by bacteria, which is a single-celled organism. While many people think all bacteria is harmful, there are actually a lot of species of bacteria that are advantageous.

Population evolution can occur by genetic drift; this is a change in the gene pool of a small population due to change. Gene flow is also a cause of population evolution, this happens when a population loses or gains alleles by gene flow. Natural selection also causes population evolution, this promotes evolutionary adaption. The general outcomes of natural selection are directional selection, disruptive selection, and, stabilizing selection. Population evolution can also occur by sexual selection. Microbes were the first organism to occupy the Earth. They are a group of the smallest organisms and are single cellular organisms. Microbes are becoming important in areas such as biochemistry, genetics, agriculture and medicine. They are also important decomposers. One example, of a microbial life is the prokaryotes called bacteria. Bacteria that causes disease are called pathogens. The disease is caused by a poison called exotoxin and endotoxin produced by the bacteria. Another microbial life are protist. They are unicellular eukaryotes. Types of protist includes protozoans and slime molds. Fungi, is also an example of microbial life. They are unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes and are made up of a mass of threadlike hyphae forming mycelium. The cell wall are made from chitin. A mushroom is an example of

Prokaryotic organisms normally have a cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, and sometimes a capsule. Bacterial cells are most commonly either coccus or bacillus in shape. The cell wall is either Gram positive or Gram negative. When the cell is Gram negative, the cell has an extra layer of lipopolysaccharides. The Gram positive has a thick layer of peptidoglycan. Bacteria usually have capsules, but archaea rarely have one. Inside the prokaryote is cytoplasm and a nucleoid. The nucleus is not enclosed inside of a membrane in prokaryotes. The cell may have appendages to adhere to certain surfaces or for motility. The prokaryotic cell is smaller than the eukaryotic cell and has different qualities that make the cell less complex than a eukaryotic cell.