Baloch Culture
The cultural practice of religion among the Baloch
Historically, the Baloch were the followers of the Zoroastrian religion and its various sects, but were converted to Islam (most Baloch belong to the Sunni sect of Islam) after the Arab invasion of Balochistan during the seventh century (Janmahmad, 1982; Mari, 1974; Naseer, 1979).
In present times, the Baloch enjoy an identity regarding their religious beliefs, which is significantly different from their neighboring Afghani and Pakistani states’ fundamentalist religious mindset. The Baloch are distinct in their attitude toward religious tolerance, having a liberal or secular mindset compared with their neighboring countries (Kemp, 2010, p. 121). Redaelli (1997, p. 21) put it thus: “It is
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Various factors could have been influential in the development of national consciousness among the tribes and taking a shape of a proper Baloch identity.
Development of a national identity among a group of people is the realization that they might possess a common history, religion, language, or race. It is necessary for the expression of nationalism for a community to identify itself as belonging to a large group of people having something in common. Weber (1976) argued that the nation must not be seen as a given reality but as a work in progress, a model of something to be built and to be treated for political reasons as already in existence. It is not only the objective factors like language, religion and culture that determine a national group, but, as observed by Connor (1990), it is also “self-awareness” and “self-consciousness” that provides the essential ingredient in the formation of a nation. Anderson (1991) believes that a nation is imagined, for in the mind of each of its member lives the image of their communion. However, it is the bonds of allegiance and belonging which so many people feel, and cultural resources and traditions that endow them with a sense of tangible
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The spreading and expanding of the Baloch tribal confederacies led to the incorporation of new people and new sources of income for confederating tribes. According to Spooner, “the Baloch have been held together, and perhaps even able to expand, because their sense of common identity lay in acceptance of institutional forms of behavior among strangers, forms in which language was central component (quoted in Schiffman, 2012, p. 326). The universalization of the
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