Bandura Self Efficacy Theory

Framework of the Study The following discussions present theories, principles, concepts, research findings, insights, generalizations, ideas which aided the researcher in the methodological and analytic designs and which formed the basis for evolving the framework of this study. Bandura stated that the major goal of formal education should be to equip students with the intellectual tools, efficacy beliefs, and intrinsic interests needed to educate themselves in a variety of pursuits throughout their lifetime (cited in Artino Jr., 2012). Relatedly, Bandura introduced self-efficacy as part of his Social Learning Theory which emphasizes how cognitive, behavioral, personal and environmental factors interact to determine motivation and behavior (Crothers, Hughes, & Morine, 2008). However, the influencing factors are not of equal strength, nor do they occur

Consequently, the chance of accomplishing the tasks is increased.

Self-efficacy Theory. According to Bandura, the basic idea behind the self-efficacy theory is that performance and motivation are in part determined by how effective people believe they can be (cited in Redmond, 2010). Individuals are more likely to engage in activities for which they have high self-efficacy and less likely to engage in those they do not have (Van der Bijl & Shortridge-Baggett, 2002). This is clearly illustrated in Mahatma Gandhi’s statement: “If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have it at the beginning.”

Bandura also outlined four sources of information that individuals employ to judge their efficacy: performance outcomes, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and physiological