Banking Industry Meltdown: The Ethical and Financial Risks of Derivatives
Q1: What are the ethical risks associated with derivatives?
Answer:
An ethical issue relates to the level of transparency that exists in using complex financial instruments to create profits to customer and derivatives are financial instruments with values that change relative to underlying variables, such as assets, events, or prices. .Ethical risks associated with derivatives are:
• Derivatives expose investors to counter-party risk. For example, if a business wants a fixed-interest loan but banks only offer variable rates, the business swaps payment with another business that wants a variable rate, creating a fixed rate for the first business.
• Derivatives can also
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In addition few are accusing the Company for non-ethical behavior in its dealings. It is realized that Lehman Brothers assisted bundle of dollars in the mortgages in the derivatives components for the First Alliance. The company has also brought various CDS and also great amounts of subprime debts and other lower ranked assets.
Q4.How can ethical corporate culture with adequate internal controls, including ethics and compliance policies, prevent future disasters in financial companies?
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This shoe that there is accuracy with vital ethical assessments by those offering oversight, the investor may be the part of ethical misconduct. To some point, this is what occur in year 2008 global crises. This show significant danger on economy of the world and produced in widespread nonprofit, government, business and personal financial loss. The industry of finance is required to create ethics an enterprise-broad concern and portion of the performance assessments. The protection that CDS, subprime loans and model of the computer were not non ethical procedures ignored the truth that the decision makers mishandled the financial instruments to destroy others. It is very clear that business ethics in an organization need value related leadership from the top management, determined action which comprise managing and usage of the standards of the sufficient conduct and continuous and openness effort to enhance ethical performance of the organization. Thus the importance of ethical behavior associates to value and traditions of organizations, not only to the individual who creates the action and takes
C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making & cases (10th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage. O 'Sullivan, Arthur; Sheffrin, Steven M. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River, New
The Big Short, it seems as if almost nobody has any ethics at all. Firstly, the banks hugely increased the market for synthetic CDO’s. This is borderline illegal and should be illegal but isn’t. These were a huge contribution to why the housing market collapsed.
The implementation and education of the ethical decision-making model promote moral awareness and company values that can mitigate ethical dilemmas to an extent. The aftermath was devastating for Wells Fargo not just economically but for its image. The corporation can introduce this model in training courses for new hires and current employees. Also ensuring management comprehends the prominence of ethical decisions and are aware that they are the wheels of the car, therefore, lead by example. If the corporation initially had prioritized ethical values and decision-making evaluations at every level of the business, this scandal could have been prevented at least its magnitude.
Therefore it is beyond the scope of the ethical mind to make the determination of whether the output of the creating mind is in fact ethically valid. But applying principles of the ethical mind in real life and real workplace settings is not always easy. But one thing is certain: if one hides behind a "veil of ignorance" and deliberately shuts off one 's mind to one 's real position in the world, then one is certain to have a faulty ethical mind that makes bad ethical decision (Gardner 9). For instance, the companies globally are now under scrutiny for setting up off-shore shell companies in the tax heaven through a Panamian law firm called Mossack Fonseca (“Giant”). This scandal shows the huge willingness of global corporations and even powerful political leaders
Recently Wells Fargo’s scandal of creating phony accounts has raised ethical concerns in the corporate world. Wells Fargo employees opened more than two million unauthorized bank and credit card accounts to meet sales projections. The company was charged with huge fines and earned a bad reputation that will take years to rebuild. According to the Deontological perspective on ethics least some acts are morally obligatory.
Conclusion After reviewing the information obtained through this report, it highlights the lack of regulation and their accounting practices which took place within Lehman Brothers. The accounting practices that were used within the bank were set by the tone at the top and show that the CFO’s during the 2000’s and going forward had plenty of knowledge of the Repo 105 transactions and had no great will to do anything about. The thinking at the time seemed to be, that the company had used this accounting practice for so long, that if there was something wrong it would have come up by now no point rocking the boat.
In this Enron Scandal ,several moral issues and values are being discussed .The moral issues is the misconduct of code of ethics by management level of a corporation , violation of code of professional ,ethical dilemma that faced by a management level when involved own interest . The first moral issues that discussed in Enron Scandal is misconduct code of ethics by management level of a corporation .In this case ,the mastermind of this scandal is the company CEO , Mr .
The History of Business Ethics and Stakeholder Theory in America Ethics play a huge role in the global business field, since considerations have to be made on moral practices, values, and judgments that govern the direction and overall success of the company. Consequently, over the progression of history, managers, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders at the helm of organizations have always had the mandate of making moral resolves on matters of ethics. According to Hunter (2003), such an approach to ethical behavior prompts a substantial growth in the organizational corporation, as well as maximizing business profits, and creating a reputable company image (Cutler, 2004). Notably, the overall performances of organizations that take part in unethical
In order to identify red flags for risk management from various financial risk ratios, models, and traditional ratios for Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, we list our calculation results below. Based on our calculation, Bear Stearns got 15 red flags, which occupied 68% of total red flags, while Lehman Brothers 12 red flags, occupying 55% of total red flags. These two numbers were high even compared with other investment banks, and companies committed fraudulent activities. In summary, both Lehman Brothers and Bear had high possibility of going bankruptcy.
This statement is supported by Bennett (2014) wherein ethics clearly defines what is the right and wrong things and shapes what kind of behavior the business should act on. For the sense of business according to Joseph (2013), ethics are constructed and decided by each business and underpins decision that an employee makes. When it comes to the business’ environment, a well-constructed ethics is a key for a considerate and responsible decision making in a business (Bennett, 2014). Business Ethics is very important inside the company, it will show the moral standards that a company or business have whether it is right or wrong and good or bad.
Ethics and integrity is essential and played an important role in helping the growth of the business. Behave ethically could contribute to good performance and customers’ satisfaction. This lead maintains and expands the relationship between both parties and indirectly would increase company reputation (Bandsuch, M 2009). According to the Trevino & Nelson (2010), behave in ethics and integrity not only could stronger the relationship with the customers, but also the relationship with the stakeholders.
This also evident from above discussion that ethical leadership is also crucial in developing the ethical culture within an organization. The employee performance can also incredibly increased by ethical and moral behavior in a workplace that practice good ethics. Finally, the overall performance of an organization in term of its financial outcomes is also benefited from the ethic practice. The case study of L’Oreal also provides a good example of all
Introduction Globalization is a fact of Economic Life – Carlos Salinas De Gortari. Globalization is not a new thought. This process of interaction and integration among the companies, people and government of different countries is happening from ages. Technology has been the major driver of globalization. Economic life has been transformed dramatically by the advances in information technology.
Review of Literature Unethical behavior can tarnish a company’s image and reputation. If a company is unethical, they may have to spend additional money to improve their public image, as well as gain back as many customers as possible. The reason I have chosen to use articles that are quite a few years old and that are not so recent is because I feel that they are very good examples of what I am trying to prove in the terms of ethical behaviour within companies and these specific articles relate well to my chosen topic.
The earlier opinion stated that a business cannot be ethical, but this opinion is not used anymore in the modern business. Today business has belief that they must be responsible for social since they live and operate within a social structure. The key factors that make business ethics is important at the quarter of the 20th century are corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, and globalized economy. The culture of an organization, or else we can call it as the philosophy of an organization which is related with ethics have a great relationship with the performance of a business in long and short term. As a business is manage by human being, the people who manage a business