INTRODUCTION Baraboo, Wisconsin is one of the most geologically interesting locations in the world. With the mere act of hiking to different locations, one is able to see structures spanning from around 1.6 billion years ago to the end of the Ice Age all in the modern day. Over massive scales and over long time periods, Baraboo exhibits a variety of features, from a double plunging syncline to a rock made of two different types of metamorphic rocks. The location has once had volcanoes, mountains, and the entire ocean covering all but a few sea stacks. The great changes that have occurred here is not unique to Baraboo, but it is the ability to deduce such a complex history from observing the different landmarks that makes it such an interesting place to discover. OBSERVATIONS 1. Igneous Rocks The only igneous rock we observed during the Baraboo trip was the Baraboo Rhyolite. Located by the highway, we took note the rock’s red color and lack of cleavage (see Appendix 1.1), signifying that it was made of potassium feldspar and quartz. It had no obvious bedding, and we quickly concluded it was the Baraboo Rhyolite due to its color and lack of prominent features (e.g. fossils). However, we did notice that the rock had the faintest …show more content…
Since we had already identified quartzite, we had to determine what the other rock was. Since quartzite is metamorphic, we deduced that it was also metamorphic. At the Van Hise rock, we saw that the rock was a black color. Both it and the quartzite were vertically dipping, but the phyllite was prominently foliated. It had fine grains, so we knew it to be phyllite. At this location, the cleavage folds differed from each other (see Appendix 1.7). In particular, those of the phyllite seemed more flexible, so the rock was softer. The phyllite was wedged between two quartzite structures. One of them had tension gashes on it (see Appendix
The rocks do not show signs of heavy weathering. There is some white staining visible, but there is very little red or brown staining. The rocks have abundant vesicles. There is a mix of rocks with varying sizes and numbers of vesicles. Samples collected were representative of this mix.
Rocks also do not have crystalline structure. Rocks also can include fossils where minerals cannot. Minerals colors are generally the same. Rocks vary in color.
We walked along the beach a little more and talked and looked at the location of a whale skull that used to be buried in the sand. The rock was actually much smoother than . We also took a look at some possible bones and skeletal remains along with concretions. The concretions were rather large comparable to smart car in size. Concretions are solid masses formed around some type of matter that will change the chemistry of the rock slightly, helping it become harder and less susceptible to erosion.
The Manistique member runs along the southern margin of the Upper peninsula of Michigan. The region was relatively stable and underwent little deformation. The subsequent subsidence would be caused directly and indirectly by the rise of the Appalachians mountains. Subsidence, however, would continuous cease (Howell, van der Pluijm 1990). They investigated the region and used drill core, sequence stratigraphy, and backstripping to indicate the subsidence of the area could not be explained by simple magmatic origins.
(Harris, 2004) The downfaulting of Death Valley is correlated with the extension of the lithosphere in the Death Valley region, which plays a part to the uplifting associated with Sequoia – Kings Canyon National Park. The Batholiths of the Sierra Nevada mountain ranges are prominent in both parks, exposing “plumbing systems” in magma chambers that fed the volcanoes. “Magmatic differentiation” involves the crystallization of a magma with magma of a different chemical composition, creating more than one type of igneous rock, which can be seen in both Yosemite and Sequoia – Kings National Parks. (Harris, 2004, 748)
Home to a large Pleistocene fossil site, Saltville, Virginia has revolutionized modern archeology. The locality is especially significant because of unique interactions that took place between animals and humans 15,000 years ago. There has been recent evidence uncovered that Paleo-humans and the mammals in the surrounding Appalachian region interacted and the humans relied on the animals for survival. The deep history preserved in the land of Saltville reveals a past ecosystem that drew megafauna to its locality. The region, rich with life, is the second oldest known Pre-Clovis site in the Americas, marking its significance in history and archeology.
Since we were given the go-ahead to choose a geological formation other than the Grand Canyon, I thought it would be interesting to learn more about Carlsbad Cavern. My family will be taking on a road trip in a couple weeks and this is one of our points-of-interest planned stops. Carlsbad Cavern is located in the Guadalupe Mountains in southeastern New Mexico. One of its most popular attractions is the Big Room, “the largest single cave chamber by volume in North America.” [1] Ironically for this assignment, actor and comedian Will Rogers referred to it as “The Grand Canyon with a roof over it.”
Then about 25 million years ago lots of dome-like plugs of magma were forced through the surrounding older rocks, filling volcanic vents or subsurface bulges. They are now exposed from the ground and are called the Glass House Mountains. The Bible theory believes that the sandstone was placed as the floodwaters from the story of Noah were rising in the earth, and placing extensive sedimentary sheets across thousands of kilometres of the landscape. The aboriginal legend seems to mention the flood of Noah as it says "One day when Tibrogargan was gazing out to sea, he perceived a great rising of the waters. He knew then that
Kortenkamp, Steve, and WK Hartmann. “Impact at Cumberland Gap: Where Natural and National History Collide.” Planetary Science Institute, https://www.psi.edu/sites/default/files/newsletter/summer04/Summer04.pdf. Accessed 6 December 2022.
Running head: Geologic History Paper 1 Geologic History Paper Chevian S Dudley Ohio Christian University December 10, 2017 Running head: Geologic History Paper 2 Naturalistic Evolutionary is the view that species of life comes from natural causes only, it happens without a motive are any supernatural being. It is a theory that tries to explain the development of living species. Naturalistic Evolutionary is a natural process. The theory of evolution is part of cosmology and part abiogenesis that leads to comprehensive model of the organ of species, the Earth
Wood fragment inclusions, and mollusk fossils allow 2 methods of dating to confirm time of deposition. Presences of normal and thrust faulting in the outcrops indicate the formation underwent multiple episodes of deformation, including both compressional and tensional stresses. The Blakeley formation was deposited as a submarine fan in a tectonically
I learned so much about the history of the caves in South Dakota and how adventurers and scientists explored and mapped the caves. Citation: According to Michel Bakalowicz, a geologic researcher and is a co-author of the 2014 article Thermal genesis of dissolution caves in the Black Hills, South Dakota, “Jewel Cave and Wind Cave are the world’s fourth and tenth longest known caves,
INTRODUCTION The Brimbank Park (UTM: 37.734S, 144.837N) is located within the suburb of Keilor East, which located approximately 15km northwest of Melbourne CBD. The Park was intersected by M80 Highway and Maribyrnong River, surrounded by natural, industrial and residential areas (Figure 1.1&1.2). Some key landforms that observed in the site were wetlands, woodlands and grasslands since the located on a basalt plane, and volcanic activity was the reason that formed flat plains and steep river escarpments. Some lower plain-slopes with small gradients around 5° (Stop 3&4), river banks (Stop 2) along the Maryibyrong river could be observed as well (Figure 1.3).
The Scablands, 16,000 square miles of Washington State became a great mystery to many geologist and scientists over the years. The Scablands is a very unique area of land that consists of large potholes, tall canyons, huge dry waterfalls and just a strange landscape in general. No one understood how and what created all of these distinct features that were found in the middle of nowhere, therefore it became a mystery waiting to be discovered. Overtime, scientists began to notice the texture and the overall form of the small hills as well as the random boulders here and there which could have only been the result of a mass of water flushing through these plains. As many more thoughts and ideas were established such as the involvement of glaciers,
Dolerite is formed when it cools under basaltic volcanoes, such as mid ocean ridges. It cools moderately quickly as the magma moves up into the cracks and weak zones of a volcano. Due to the moderate cooling, its crystals appear to be small and visible. Diabase have ample deposits in shallow intrusive bodies such as dikes (tabular bodies inserted in fissures), sills (tabular bodies inserted while molten between other rocks), and the like. This dark colored rock is mainly compromised by the essential minerals plagioclase feldspar of labradorite composition and pyroxene of augite composition.