Barbara Grutter's Argumentative Analysis

“According to Segal, the dean at that time, Dr. Ward Giltner, thought women had no place in the College, and even suggested that they drop out and return to the kitchen” (Urich par. 1). Even though her dean of students was sexist, Segal decided to stay in college and defy the rules of sexism. Dorothy Segal was just a female college student in a room full of men

SUMMARY In this landmark case Allan Bakke, a white applicant to the University of California, Davis Medical School, sued claiming his denial of admission on racial grounds was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The standing rule at the time was that race may be a factor in determining admission to educational institutions; however it cannot be the sole determining factor. FACTS OF THE CASE The University of California, Davis Medical School had been reserving 16 spots in each class out of 100 for disadvantaged minorities. Allan Bakke was a more qualified applicant compared to some of the other students admitted under the special admissions policy. Comparatively his is race was the only distinguishing characteristic.

Procedural history. Barbara Grutter (Plaintiff), a white resident from the state of Michigan, was denied admission to the University of Michigan Law School (Defendant). She sued the Law School in a federal district court, and alleged racial discrimination against her in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment on the basis of the Defendant’s consideration of race as a key factor in the school’s admissions process. The district court upheld the Plaintiff’s claim. The court of appeals reversed.

In 2008, Abigal N. Fisher, a caucasian female, applied as a undergrad student at University of Texas at Austin, but was denied admissions. UT admissions policy has a top 10% rule which means, the first top 10% of high school graduates are automatically admitted. Fisher was not in this 10% category and was not admitted based on this rule. UT bases its admission decision partially based on race of the applicant. Based on this consideration, Fisher believes she was denied because of her race.

The Supreme Court made a mistake when they decided with the University of Texas; no college should take in race as a factor when selecting applications of students. In 2007, two female high school students applied to the University of Texas; one of the girls being Miss Abigail N. Fisher. Abigail was a caucasian, in the top 12% of her school at Stephen Austin High School, but she was denied by the University of Texas along with a friend of her’s. However,

After the war, however, they broke away from those who had been involved in the abolitionist movement. Many of these people showed little interest in woman suffrage and supported the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. This amendment gave the vote to black men, but not to women. In 1869, Anthony and Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association and worked for a woman suffrage amendment to the Constitution.From 1868 to 1870, Anthony published a weekly journal, The Revolution, which demanded equal rights for women. In 1872, she voted in the presidential election and was arrested and fined $100 for voting illegally.

This lead Emma to take matters into her own hands and she started the Mattress Performance which was where she would carry her fifty pound mattress with her wherever she went until the accused either left the school or was kicked out. She also filed a police report, which was not pursued based off lack of reasonable suspicion. I think that it’s appalling that the university didn’t believe Emma, let alone two other girls. It makes me as a woman feel unsafe and not protected when the likelihood of something like this happening on my

Either way, as proven by history, government censorship is necessary; however, the limitation to its censoring power must be clear and a system to prevent the possible abuse of this power is crucial. Overall, censorship should exist only for speeches that contained clear and dangerous intent and information published by media that contained a true threat to national security. The word censorship is usually comprised of a negative connotation and many are opposed to this idea. In fact, many Americans believe the First Amendment will protect almost all censorship. For example, according to Harris Poll, 84% of American believe the

INTRODUCTION Prior to the twentieth century women in the United Kingdom were excluded from parliamentary elections and were not permitted to have a say in political matters concerning their country. On the 6th of February 1918 however, with the conclusion of World War 1 the British government passed the Representation of the People Act 1918 enfranchising all women of the age of thirty and on December 4th 1918 almost seven million women participated in their first ever parliamentary election. For almost fifty years women from all over Britain fought and struggled to secure this right. This is known as the suffrage campaign. The largest and most famous suffrage groups running the campaign were the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) known

Censorship is anything that curbs freedom of expression. It stems from authority and functions to silence what the authority finds disturbing and transgressive, therefore, subject to control. It has often been observed that the reasons of censorship are mainly the desire to retain political power, upholding theological dogmas and maintaining moral standard of the community. And censors often claim to restrict speech, writing or image they find contrary to such long-held beliefs or harmful enough for suppression. Further, it is also important to understand that censorship is not only an after effect of the act of expression.

Jennifer Delahunty Britz’s article, “To All the Girls I’ve Rejected”, begins by explaining how her daughter was waitlisted at a college she was qualified to attend. Following this, Britz elucidates reasoning behind this, informing that colleges show bias towards male applicants. It soon becomes clear that many declined and waitlisted female applicants possess more capability than accepted males. In order to prevent this, admission committees should exercise a gender-blind admittance procedure. Britz, dean of admissions at Kenyon College argues that: “few of us…were as talented…at age 17 as this young woman.

Pauli Murray was a feminist and civil rights activist who become the first African American woman Episcopal priest. Although she accomplished her goal, she had many troubles to get there because of the color of her skin. She was born Baltimore, but moved to Durham, NC where she grow up at. Murray graduated from Hunter College in New York City, but she wanted to further her education by attending the sociology program at the University of North Carolina. Murray was a very bright and intelligent woman, but her application was refused by the president of UNC, Frank Porter.

A further consideration that must be taken into account while evaluating this case is that of time, place, and manner restrictions. Such restrictions are a sort of measuring stick when it comes to these types of freedom of speech issues. If a group or individual does not comply with time, place, and manner restrictions, their actions are no longer protected by the First Amendment. Meanwhile, if these restrictions are adhered to, a party has the constitutional right to voice their viewpoints. Time, place, and manner are “considerations that could act as restrictions on what would ordinarily be First Amendment-protected expression.

In 1993, upon families’ requests, a body buried as “X-6” was exhumed and identified as Archie T. Bourg (killed in the 1958 shoot down mentioned earlier) by mtDNA evidence. Rather than accepting a funeral, Archie’s sister Lorna, probably still remembering the 1985 scandal, felt that they could not fully trust this new technique and demanded an independent test. Mary-Claire King answered the request and brought a blow to the military forensics society---she claimed that the remains could not be Archie Bourg’s because of two mismatches in the mtDNA sequence. King’s report attacked the military again like the ones in the 1980s: 1) Lorna Bourg, especially after her trip to the crash site in August 1993, claimed that the military fabricated the mtDNA result and covered that Archie was forgotten in Russia; 2) King toured the AFDIL and suspected that the military contaminated the X-6 sample. Worrying about public attacks, the military put a one-year moratorium on the use of mtDNA on February 3, 1994 and sought additional help from the UK.

In the 2016 presidential election campaign, fifteen republicans and five democrats began the race for the upcoming position offered country wide. Current republican, Carly Fiorina, placed sixth in the top ten candidates running. Throughout the country many nominees such as Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and Ben Carson are running for office but none of them meet the criteria that the country needs. Former U.S. Senate runner up, Carly Fiorina, supports LGBT rights, opposes abortion, supports the second amendment, and she believes that it is the state’s decision to legalize marijuana. The country is struggling with these issues in each state but she will manage it to the best of her ability with all opinions of the people in mind.