The Cardiovascular System: The Circulatory System

The heart forces the ‘oxygenated’ blood through a range of connecting blood vessels specifically speaking arteries which travel around your body providing your cells with the necessary materials that the blood contains. As the blood reaches your cells the oxygen is released in order for the cells to function. The cells then give out waste materials which can include co2 and water. In order for your blood to receive these waste products they absorb it.

Ventilation/perfusion scans: Ventilation/perfusion scans, sometimes called a VQ (V=Ventilation, Q=perfusion) scan, is a way of identifying mismatched areas of blood and air supply to the lungs. It is primarily used to detect a pulmonary embolus. The perfusion part of the study uses a radioisotope tagged to the blood which shows where in the lungs the blood is perfusing. If the scan shows up any area missing a supply on the scans this means there is a blockage which is not allowing the blood to perfuse that part of the organ.

The oxygenated blood comes from placenta to the fetus through umbilical vein to the fetus’s liver. Then it moves through ductus venosus. This allows some of the blood to go to the liver. But most of this highly oxygenated blood flow to the inferior vena cava and then into the right atrium of the heart.  Most of the blood flow across to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.

Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients and also assists in the removal of waste. The heart is a pump that drives the whole circulatory system. It receives and propels blood, rhythmically contracting, forcing the blood through a system of vessels. The hearts action is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. STRUTURE OF THE VEINS, CAPILLARIES AND

Describe the function of the heart, cardiac cycle and circulatory system Function of the heart The heart is a muscular organ that pumps and circulates blood throughout the body via a transport system of arteries and veins and capillaries. As the blood circulates throughout the body it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the tissues as well as removing carbon dioxide and harmful waste products (Tucker, 2015). The structure of arteries Arteries have thick muscular walls and a small lumen passage.

This concept is taken from Block 4, Module 7 which is entitled as ‘Assessment of cardiovascular system’. The cardiovascular system can also be referred to as the circulatory system. It comprises of the heart and the blood vessels. The major function of the cardiovascular system is to transport nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and to remove waste products from the body like carbondioxide.

CARDDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS Anatomy and physiology Vein is an elastic blood vessel that transports blood from all part of the body to the heart. Vein have four main types, which is pulmonary, systemic, superficial and deep vein. Deep vein located deep within muscle tissue and typically located near the corresponding artery with a same name.

Heart rate is a measurement used in a variety of studies for a variety of reasons. The heart’s function is solely to pump blood around the body, so nutrients can be transported and used where they are needed1(p360). Heart rate has been shown to have connections to and be an indicator of general health and abilities thus it is an appropriate variable to consider3,4. The ECG is a trusted and accurate machine used in many studies to determine the heart rate of an individual5,6,7. It has been used as a screening tool for Sudden Cardiac Death with controversial success5.

A machine used to perform Haemodialysis is a called a Dialysis machine. To use a dialysis machine a tube is inserted into the bloodstream of a patient allowing blood to enter the machine. As shown in Diagram 3, once in the machine the blood flows through tubes and into the dialyzer composed of a semi-porous membrane which works similar to a glomerulus. Blood cells, proteins and other large particles are prevented from passing though while waste products such as urea and salts flow through and are absorbed by sterilised solution called dialysate and are washed away.

INTRODUCTION Muscle tissue is one of the four primary tissue types consisting elongated muscle cells that are highly specialized for carrying out certain responsibilities. Muscles are responsible for movement of different parts of the body; posture; respiration; production of body heat; communication; constriction of organs and vessels and contraction of heart. General properties of muscles: Contractility is the ability of muscle to shorten forcefully although its shorten forcefully, it lengthens passively. Excitability is the capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus. Often the stimulus is from the nerves that we consciously control.

The blood seeps in the sinusoids on its way to the hepatic veins, and then to the vena cava. This filtration is ideal for hepatocytes to filter the blood, process and store nutrients, cleanse, and remove debris. 6. Cirrhosis leads to scarring and increased hydrostatic pressure in the hepatic portal vein. Explain why this increased venous pressure causes net filtration to increase in the hepatic capillaries, leading to ascites (swollen and fluid-filled interstitial space of the abdomen).

Heart, lungs and the Rest of You By: Olivia Abel 1.Explain how the blood flows throughout your lungs, heart and the rest of your body.   Heart: Your left and right side of your heart work together to pump blood to and throughout your body which is separated by muscular tissue called the septum. In the right side blood enters through two large vein which are the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying poor oxygen blood from the body to the right reticulum. When the left side enters from the pulmonary veins and empties oxygen rich blood from the lungs into the aorta going throughout the body.

Purpose The purpose of the lab is to dissect a pig heart in order to identify all of the parts of main chambers, valves, and vessels. To able to know the circulation the blood through the heart to the lungs and identify each section of the pig heart. The pig heart has four chambers which it is two atria and two ventricles. They both pump the blood and give the body what it needs.

Llamas maintain their homeostasis in similar ways as the rest of the mammals. Llamas have thick fur made up of coarse guard hair on the top layer, and short wavy fiber hair in the bottom layer. This prevents them from being cold in harsh weathers. Llamas have more red blood cells that most mammals so that they can adapt to higher altitudes. They also have bigger lungs which means more space and capacity in their lungs which gives them a bigger intake of breath.