Last summer my little brother found a stray cat in the backyard one day and he wanted to keep it. When began feeding it and keeping it a bowl of water on the front porch for the cat. We then took the cat to the vet and got him fixed and made sure everything was okay. The vet told us that thee were no problems and that we could keep the cat. My dad then said that we needed to train the cat because he did not want a cat that was useless. My brother then named him Oreo because he said he looked like a mushed up oreo to him. The cat then started following my brother around everywhere and trying to teach him tricks to show all his friends. He began to come up with techniques to help the cat solve behavioral problems like using the bathroom in the house. The people who train cats and dogs for a living have adopted theories from the world of behavioral science and turned that knowledge into real-life practical skills for training these animals. Behavior modification and training are both based on classical and operant conditioning techniques. Operant conditioning techniques can further …show more content…
In contrast, punishment reduces the frequency of an operant behavior by presenting an unpleasant stimulus. A positive punisher, like other consequences, must follow a behavior immediately or be clearly connected to the behavior to be effective. Shouting "No!" and swatting at the animal when it does not complete the task you teach it is an example of the kind of punishment that presents an aversive stimulus following a response. They will then understand that the task that they do not complete is bad and will not be tolerated. If you find the action wrong later you should not punish when he is doing something else because it will confuse the animal. Thus, a positive punishment is only effective following the immediate action you wish to
About the author: Richard Anemone is the President and CEO of Pawfection Dog Training LLC as well as the trainer (www.pawfectiontraining.com). He received his Master’s Degree in Behavioral Psychology and he is also licensed as a Mental Health Counselor in New York State. Shortly, after receiving his Masters degree he began studying animal learning theory and began training dogs as well as other animals. Over the years he has pawfected his training techniques utilizing positive reinforcement to teach new behaviors and behavior modification to extinguish undesirable behaviors. His approach to training is proactive, while many trainers utilize negative consequences for problem behaviors Richard focus on changing the negative behavior to one
Skinner in 1938.Operant conditioning is a form of learning which explains the relation of behaviors on certain rewards and consequences. The study of the theory only deals with expressible behaviors and not any internal mental thoughts and brain mechanisms. Operant Conditioning works by applying two major concepts, Reinforcements and Punishments, after the behavior is executed, which causes the rate of behavior to increase or decrease. Skinner’s Skinner box experiment with a rat is the base for operant conditioning theory and its concepts. The main principle comprises changing environmental events that are related to a person's behavior.
Cindy Martinez University of the People PSYC 1111 – Unit 3 – Learning Journal According to the reading in the textbook, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a technique, often used to “reinforce positive behaviors and punish unwanted behaviors” and is one of the most common tools used in the field of autism (OpenStax College, 2014). However, ABA is a controversial therapy to use in the field of autism with many former recipients of ABA arguing against the use of ABA on the basis that it is harmful to children who are being forced to change in order to become ‘normal’ (Devita-Raeburn, 2016). Unfortunately, ABA has a long history and is covered by most health insurances unlike other more recent therapies in the field of autism. This often makes
2. **Operant Conditioning:** Proposed by B.F. Skinner, this
Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement
Functional Behavior Assessment Jacob is a 6-year-old male, diagnosed with autism, who engages in physical aggression in the form of hitting, scratching and kicking his parents when required to utilize expressive language to obtain desired reinforcers. The current circumstance have lead the parent’s to request an assessment and behavior plan to enable them to reduce his level of aggression and improve his expressive language. This paper will present various factors to consider prior to acceptance of a client as well as actions that may be necessary before treatment may be implemented. Further, it will discuss several methods of conducting a functional behavior assessment, including strengths and weaknesses of both indirect and direct methods
Nevertheless, Skinner points out that children learn nothing from the punishment. Instead, they may start to work out how to avoid it (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Another concept is classical conditioning (classical behaviorism) that emphasizes on the relation between stimuli and response. This concept embodies in a famous experiment, in which the food is presented to the dog when the bell rings, and the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus for the dog (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Likewise, if children receive toys in the condition that they behave well, then they will probably repeat this behavior to get the toys.
Carla A behavior intervention plan (BIP) is a plan that’s designed to teach reward positive behaviors. This can help prevent for stop problem behaviors in school. The BIP is based on the results of the FBA. The BIP describes the problem behavior, the reason the behavior occurs and the intervention strategies that will address the problem behavior. A BIP can help a child to learn problem solving skills and find better ways to respond in a situation.
What are the major techniques and methods associated with this theoretical approach? Operant conditioning looks at the relationship between an individuals behavior and their environment. It then attempts to understand the behavior through education of the modifying factors. When using operant conditioning, the individual focusses on the behavior that has been done and decides whether or not that is a behavior should be reinforced.
After observing the clients behavior, it is evident that she has a problem limiting her excessive cellular device usage. Therefore, the behavioral intervention plan will be targeting the client’s cellular device usage in class, as well as outside of class. The plan will be targeting all cellular device usage, which includes playing games, texting, scrolling though social media sites, and finally listening to music. To prevent the client from using her phone during lectures, the behavioral plan instructed her professors to make her write an essay whenever she is using her phone.
This is learning the association between behavior and consequences. Using this method would increase the likelihood of successfully teaching my child not to be rough with the cat. Currently, the behavior is happening around three times a week. After we intervene, we hope the behavior will stop completely. One way to change her behavior towards the cat with operant conditioning would be to use negative punishment.
Conclusion Operant conditioning is a theory which was developed by an American psychologist named B.F. Skinner. This theory has been known as a learning process. It applies to four different methods, that consists of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment. In this case positive is seen as something being added and negative as something being taken away.
Operant Conditioning uses reinforcement and punishment systematically to facilitate learning (Darity, Jr ., 2008). In operant conditioning, some researchers think that behavior can changed by using positive or negative reinforcements. Positive reinforcements is rewarding someone for good behavior. For example, giving a dog a treat for rolling over. Negative reinforcements is taking something from someone for bad behavior.
Mr. B.F Skinner’s brought Operant Conditioning into existence. The Operant Conditioning is command feedback with recompense/ penalizing system based on a behavior. The learner requires to strengthen to maintain interests.
Also, immediacy plays an important role because it creates a bridge when the behavior has occurred and when the consequence is appealed to. In 2004, Cipani effective immediate consequence solves a life-threatening problem. He gave the example of rumination in which is the regurgitation of food or liquid once it is swallowed and then ejected from the mouth subsequently. Once the child started thrusting her tongue the nurse would squirt lemon juice in her mouth as the treatment was consistent the rumination had been eliminated and the child was back to being healthy. Therefore, if one escapes a Punisher then it is not