Globalization And International Integration
What is globalization?
Globalization is the development of the world on its communication and integration between countries, companies and people. According to Gunter & van der Hoeven (2004) globalization can best be split into two parts, the first being a more economic approach and the second a more policy oriented approach. The first section covers factors such as trade, investment, technology, cross-border production systems, information flows and communication. The second section covers the increase of homogenization of policies and institutions.
Globalization on trade
Reviewing the evolution of global domestic product, export and capital flows for speed of integration across various regions shows that in general the GDP increased by a
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Before the revision of the European transport policies, there were charges and other limitations at the border between the countries of the European Union itself. The deregulation of transport aimed to solve these limitations and free up the transport sector as a whole, this includes road freight since 1998 (Hilal, 2008; Ponti, Boitani, & Ramella, 2013). For the transportation of goods by truck this meant that any individual in the European Union was now allowed to transport freight within the EU without charges and other limitations, such as checking of freight when passing internal borders (Ponti, Boitani, & Ramella, 2013 ; Hilal, …show more content…
This is known under the name of the “Willi Betz phenomenon” and consits out of the contracting of drivers from Eastern European countries (Shramm, 2012).
Negative effects of deregulation
Policies
- Policies were not adapted to each other. The labor and welfare rules were different per country.
- Wages and employment worsening
People will choose to work in other countries, often against a substantially higher wage than in their country of origin. The problem that often rises with these migrants is that earned salary is largely sent back to their home country to support their family, leaving little benefit to the country they work in while occupying jobs in the host country (Gunter & Hoeven, 2004).
Because of this increase in competition working conditions substantially worsened, the fierce competition meant for a lot of drivers that working hours increased because of an increase in traffic due to the deregulation of transport. This meant that the days from home increased as deadlines had to be met by starting earlier and ending the day later (Hilal,
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