Ideologies of the Axis Powers
Elizabeth Justice
History 112: World History Since 1500
Professor David Karr
April 24, 201 In the documents provided, there are various outstanding differences and similarities between Adolf Hitler and the various authors of the key principles of the major western societies and their both political and social ideals. Most of the similarities and differences that are evident in these documents give information on how these people related to their states. Benito Mussolini was one of the strongest opponents towards democracy and liberalism, primarily in his native nation, Italy, and also in other areas in the world . He was, thus, a strong enthusiast of fascism. Adolf Hitler, on the other side, used the style and policies of leadership that were largely linked
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As a matter of fact, all of these leaders were strongly opposed to the political leadership in nations like America and the United Kingdom. Their suggestions were that the west provided their people much of freedom which would eventually result in the degradation of core values among the citizens. On top of this, the leaders also faulted the regimes from the West in the way they had created a conflict of interests with the developing nations. For instance, Hitler and Mussolini were assertive that America had a motive of exploiting the weak nations for her selfish interests. Another aspect by which the Western nations were criticized was the way they were seen to meddle with the internal affairs of other sovereign countries . Hitler, on his side, was against the excessive military powers that the United States used during the WW1. However, he was guilty of embracing the same approach in his native country. As for Mussolini, he was opposed to the Western style that influenced other nations towards a democratic
Hitler also preached that Germans were superior to other races, especially Jews, Slavs, and communists. In the end a Fascism run government promotes its countries goals, warfare, and believes it is superior to all, Germany and Italy both had fascist governments which promoted Hitler's radical beliefs and caused World War
He believed that only a strong leader like himself could defeat conflicts caused by other political parties (especially communists/socialists) and post-war problems (World War I). Mussolini’s first call to action was creating a group called the “Blackshirts” that would carry out beatings against communist leaders and throwing them out of office. People of all different backgrounds joined including teachers, business people, and store owners (Document 5). Mussolini constantly told his people that he was going to restore Italy back to its glorious Roman Empire era. He backed up his sayings by invading Ethiopia.
Benito Mussolini made a huge impact on western civilization, one that would make the books. He not only did he become Italy’s Prime Minister but also the dictator. He also created the birth of fascism, which was a political movement. From having his own political movement he was also in the war and had a role in it. He also was involved in some economic projects.
In 1919, Benito Mussolini created fascism in Italy, starting the conflicts we have had throughout history. After the war, “He organized several right-wing groups into a single force and, in March 1919, formed the Fascist Party—the movement proclaimed opposition to social class discrimination and supported nationalist sentiments, hoping to raise Italy to levels of its great Roman past.” In 1922, Italy’s government system began to turn into chaos, and Benito Mussolini offered to help make it right. By 1925, he was a dictator who carried out a large public works program and reduced unemployment, making all of Italy adore him. From that moment forward, he created an astonishing military force.
His father taught him to defy authority and never be weak, this was one of the reasons he was so passionate about what he did and pushed so hard to get power. His major drive for power started after he quit the paper and joined the italian army in 1915, he thought if he could climb the ranks he would gain more power and after the war was over could be placed as a moyjo figure in the government. He was discharged that same year for being wounded. After being discharged he started several right wing groups known as the Blackshirts who terrorized political opponents and criticized the government. When Italy slipped into political chaos in 1922 Mussolini said he could restore order and was given authority.
Everyone has a place or part in the government and operate together, as a whole, “We are nothing. Mankind is all” (Rand 21). Likewise, in a society with a fascist government, individuality is prohibited, contrary ideas are censored and nationalism is emphasized. Benito Mussolini was the leader in Italy during its reign under fascism. Soon after declaring himself dictator, a strict press censorship was instituted.
This essay we are discussing some the similarities and differences between Benito Mussolini and Winston Churchill. For my topics I will discuss rallying each used and the goals of each leader and how it ultimately affected the war. Benito Mussolini was a fascist and like any nationalist based political faction one of the most essential doctrines to fascism is expansion of whatever empire is using it. Mussolini wanted recreate the roman empire. During WWII all three axis powers had very powerful manifestations that supported empire expansions.
After taking Italy Mussolini's ideals appealed to western allies and new treaties could have been made, but his brutal invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 ended all hope of forming any new treaties (History.com Staff). Instead Mussolini joined Hitler in supporting Francisco Franco's Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, and a treaty was signed between Nazi Germany and the Italians in 1937 (History.com Staff). In July 1943 Italy's failure in the war, and the impending invasion of Italy's mainland from the Allies led to a rebellion within the fascist party (History.com Staff). On July 24 the Fascist Grand Council rejected the policy dictated by Hitler through Mussolini and the next day Mussolini was arrested (History.com Staff). Fascist Marshal Pietro Badoglio took over the Italian Government after Mussolini was arrested and the Italians surrendered completely to the Allies (History.com Staff).
Along with these failures, he as horrible with foreign relations. Mussolini trusted the Nazis and isolated Italy from the rest of Europe. Mussolini did not understand many things that he needed to in order to be a successful
The cartoon displayed the nationalist ideology of Germany and their desire to pin the blame on the people they deemed inferior or outsiders such as Jewish people. Document A, Benito Mussolini’s The Definition of Fascism written in 1932 described Fascism from the eyes of a Fascist leader. The document laid out the positives of Fascism explained that Fascism was the best government for the people. Mussolini wanted to make the Mediterranean an Italian lake and unite all Italian people. These nationalist sentiments garnered him significant support and gave rise to his fascist regime.
The leader and dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943 was Benito Mussolini. At the start of Mussolini’s career of leadership, he followed a democracy which promoted equality in all person’s rights. Though, prejudiced elections triggered him to abolish all democratic establishments, political parties, and independent trade. During 1919, he founded the National Fascist Party, and it was put into place without the consent of the non-fascist citizens. The Fascist regime was combined with the government in 1921; therefore, dictatorship was implemented the government.
This philosophy dictates that everyone in a society are equal and that all aspects of life are controlled by the state (Waugh, 2001). Unlike his counterpart, Hitler practiced Nazism during his tenure as Nazi Germany’s totalitarian (Waugh, 2001). Nazism asserts that everyone has unconditionally pledged their loyalty to the ‘Führer’ and that the Aryan race was superior to all other races (Waugh, 2001). Such contrasting beliefs would eventually play an integral role in discerning both men. Both tyrants were also segregated by their dissimilar
A connection I can make between the two dictators Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini is the time period they rose to power. According to the article “Hitler” by history.com it states, “Nazi leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) …” During the late 1880s is when Hitler rose to power during this time of crisis. This supports my claim that they both rose to power during the same time period because it clearly states that he began to take over during the late 1880’s.
Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany were similar in that both were dictatorships. Both Mussolini and Hitler came to power through legal means and believed that people were divided into either inferior or superior races. For example, Hitler was obsessed with the Aryan race and called for the genocide of Jews during WWII. In addition, both Mussolini and Hitler favored the wealthy, believed that an individual was meaningless and must submit to the decisions of their leaders, and aimed at self-sufficiency so that each could survive entirely without international trade. Furthermore, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy “had aimed for prestige and power for their countries, and brought instead humiliation and destruction” (Tarr, R.,
Fascism and Nazism have many things similar, however, there are also some considerable differences between them. Concerning the background, both Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany rose because people were discontented with the weak democratic governments at that time and strongly felt the Paris Peace Settlement unfair. Italians were not satisfied with the limited reward granted to them after the WW1 compared to their huge contribution (i.e. the Italian government had made huge military expenditure and the total cost of the war is 148,000 million lire, twice more than the total sum expenditure of all Italian government for 1861 to 1913) (Lee, 2000).