Bernoulli's Principle Of Fluid Flow

The Bernoulli’s principle of fluid flow:

It states that for an inviscid flow of a non-conducting fluid, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potentia energy. The principle is named after Daniel Bernoulli who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738.

The Bernoulli’s principle is based on the law of conservation of energy. According to the principle, in a steady flow, the sum of all energies in a fluid streamline remains constant along the entirety of the streamline. This is because the pipe in which the flow takes place will have a constant energy per unit volume throughout at all points.

The sum of energies will incorporate the kinetic and the potential head

The above ships are concrete examples of how extensive the research program is in this area.

Introduction to Flettner Rotor:

Flettner Rotors are spinning cylinders, which produce fluid dynamic lift using the Magnus Effect. The Magnus force can be many times greater in magnitude than the wing lifting force, given the same projected area and dynamic air pressure. It was invented by a German scientist Anton Flettner as a practical application of Magnus Effect even before the invention of diesel engines. The Flettner rotors were beaten by the fact that diesel engines didn’t occupy deck space and also the top-speeds achieved by usage of diesel engines reduced the shipping time.

(The above pictures show the geometry of Flettner Rotors):

The Flettner rotors are high solid hollow cylinders whose surface can either be smooth or rough depending upon the surface friction factor required by the user. The cylinders are mounted on top of motors which rotate the cylinder the cylinder on an axis to incorporate the Magnus Effect.

Initially the Flettner rotors were made of one diameter but later the use of Thom Disks at the ends have been proved to increase the efficiency of the

The use of Flettner Rotors is to:

(1) Increase the top speed of the ship,

(2) Increase the fuel efficiency of the ship,

(3) Make the maneuvering of the ship easier.

The Flettner rotors are mounted on motors and are fixed on the deck of the ship. The motors rotate the Cylinders on its axis and when its passed through a flowing fluid, regions of low and high pressures is created around the Rotors which results in creation of a force. The direction of this force experienced can be controlled by changing the direction of rotation of the Flettner Rotor. Current application of Flettner Rotors is a modern ship known as E-Ship 1. It’s a 125 m long ship with a width of 25 meters. It uses 4, 40 meter high rotors in a multi-rotor formation placed in the corners of the ship deck. The ship has been in service since 2010 and is one of the most active cargo ships which are also leading the way for a new line of freight ships.

Current research work:

The research papers we have used as landmarks to base our research work on. The papers we consulted are:

(1) Simulations of Three-Dimensional Vertical-Axis Turbines for Communications