INTRODUCTION:
The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was an industrial accident. It happened at a Union Carbide subsidiary pesticide plant in the city of Bhopal, India. On 3 December 1984, the plant released 42 tonnes of toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas, exposing more than 500,000 people to toxic gases.
A mixture of poisonous gases flooded the city, causing great panic as people woke up with a burning sensation in their lungs. Thousands died immediately from the effects of the gas. Many were trampled in the panic that followed. The first official immediate death toll was 2,259. Another estimate is that 8,000 died within two weeks, that an additional 8,000 have since died from gas-related diseases.
The Bhopal disaster is frequently cited as the world 's worst industrial disaster. The International Medical Commission on Bhopal was established in 1993 to respond to the long term health effects of the disaster. HAPPENINGS THAT LED TO THE DISASTER:
The plant in Bhopal where the disaster happened started to produce 'Carbaryl ' in 1977. Carbaryl is mainly used as an insecticide. At first, the production was 2,500 tonnes per year. This was no problem, as the plant had been designed for an
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Court of Appeals upheld a lower court 's ruling that "UCC’s participation was limited and its involvement in plant operations terminated long before the accident....the UOI [Union of India] controlled the terms of the agreements and precluded UCC from exercising any authority to 'detail design, erect and commission the plant, ' which was done independently over the period from 1972 to 1980 by UCIL process design engineers....The preliminary process design information furnished by UCC could not have been used to construct the plant. Construction required the detailed process design and engineering data prepared by hundreds of Indian engineers, process designers and sub-contractors..." Please click here to read the U.S. Court of Appeals complete 1987
One of the most remembered and most infamous incidents in American industrial history was the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company factory. On March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Company factory burned, which killed 145 workers in New York City. The incident was always remembered and studied for years as in this case the deaths of these 145 employees could be prevented. Most of the employees died due to neglect of occupational safety features and also due to locked doors within the factory building.
One of the main events that was responsible for causing
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire It is unbelievable as a worker in today’s society to read about laborers working 14-20 hours, not allowed to speak the whole time, but it was a reality for workers at the turn of the 20th century. As our nation entered into the 20th century, there was a major push by the Progressives for changes in the workplace that had been going on for nearly a decade, but with no success. While the Progressive movement had sparked changes in public health, the workplace had not changed for the better. Workers in most jobs had to work long hours, at low pay, with no safety regulations. A perfect example was at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, where workers were required to work 14-20 hours a day, locked into their workspace
This mistake cannot be reversed and the plane crashes into the mountain that cause the death of most of the Passengers on the boing 747. The second part of the chapter goes through many other crashes that take place under the control of this airline and says that after all that the airline had their safety rating downgraded in 1999. Since then they have had a spotless safety record that led them to getting an award in 2006 for their safety and falling back into good grace with the aviation world. The chapter continues by giving many other examples to crashes and using their black boxes to show the difference in how they dress each other between cultures. They showed how in other countries they talk in a way were they don 't want to disrespect anyone with a higher societal standing from them.
The textbook states that 800,000 people were proclaimed dead after this attack. This population drop was due to the city’s resistance to the attacks. The Mongols were very known for the
“A barbaric act” it was called by the great Ronald Reagan. In this tragedy a Korean jumbo jet crashed by the hands of the soviets. It happened on the day of September 5, 1983. It had 269 passengers including a U.S congressman that went down. All 269 civilians died from the crash where it landed in the area near Japan.
How often do you think of historical disasters? The Chicago fire of 1871, also called the Great Chicago Fire, burned from October 8th to October 10, 1871, it was probably one of the most dangerous and is still one of the most important historical disasters that has happened to Chicago. Thousands of buildings were destroyed due to the fact that in that time period almost everything was made out of wood. The fire had made thousands of people homeless.
It killed almost everyone it came in contact with. The mortality rates were similar for both Christian and Muslim people. The spread of the disease made people start to become paranoid and ready to find a scapegoat to blame this horrible tragedy on.
These casualties all resulted from the explosion of the atomic bomb but there were a few different causes for the deaths. Of the total number of deaths, 25% died due to flash burns that resulted from a person’s exposed skin absorbing the radiant heat emitted by the explosion. Another 20% died due to radiation poisoning, as the gamma rays liberated during the fission process in the atomic bomb had many effects on the human body, among them a decrease in the white blood cell count and deterioration of the bone marrow, resulting in illnesses and severely weakening the body’s immune system. The remaining 55% died mainly due to secondary effects of the explosion, such as falling debris and the massive fire after the
“The aircraft crashed after it overran the end of the runway 4R during landing (National Transportation Safety Board, 2001).” The probable cause of the accident was aircrew fatigue and situational awareness. Out of 145 people aboard the aircraft, 10 were killed in the accident including the captain. During the crash the airplane “passed through a chain link security fence and over a rock embankment to a flood plain (National Transportation Safety Board, 2001).” The aircraft was demolished due to impact as well as fire.
The detrimental Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire is considered to be one of the most tragic disasters in history. On March 25th, 1911, a fire broke out and killed 146 garment workers who were mostly women. These women worked countless hours with low wages and inhumane working conditions in a factory. Even though this event was tragic, the triangle shirtwaist fire helped to shape the new world for the better. The multitude of workers trapped within the inferno to their demise was the final straw for the mistreatment of America’s workers.
The most dramatic and detrimental incident occurred in London Fog. A temperature inversion covered the Thames River Valley; the deadly acid aerosols were trapped in the atmosphere, more people died from this incident over 4000 people died because of the deadly temperature inversion that settled over in London. It was recorded that over 4000 people suffered from bronchitis, Pneumonia, and respiratory diseases. This incident was an alert to the British parliament, immediately the burning of soft coal was barred in London. 2.7.
Environment: Air Pollution Annotated Bibliography Holden C. Edmonds COMM 2367: Persuasive Communication TR 8:00-9:20 Kristie Sigler September 5, 2016 Environment: Air Pollution Annotated Bibliography Newspaper or Periodical Hawthorne, M. (2011, April 1). High levels of toxic lead found in air outside Chicago school. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/ct- met-pilsen-lead-problems-20110331- story.html
According to U.S. estimated, 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed by the bomb, 140,000 were injured many more were made homeless as a result of the bomb and some of them were missing. A very dangerous radiation reached over 100,000 kilometers. In the blast, thousands of people died instantly. The city is completely destroyed, there are 90,000 buildings and 60,000 of them were completely destroyed by the explosion. In all, approximately 33% or ⅓ of Hiroshima is completely destroyed.
In this case, Shriram Industries was allowed to operate in a designated air pollution control area. Oleum Gas leaked accidentally from the factory. Though the company was in compliance with the limits permissible air pollution laws at that time, the Supreme Court of India slapped the company with liability for the accidental leakage of gas. Hence, Courts of India uphold the “polluter pays principle” for damages caused on account of polluting activities whereby the polluting parties have to pay out civil liabilities for environmental