Bibb Latane Experiments

In 1964, beautiful New York City, a murder was committed outside the apartment complex of Kitty Genovese. The victim, Kitty Genovese, was stabbed to death outside her home, while bystanders waltzed by the crime without a second glance or dialing of the authorities. This renowned infamous crime sparked the minds of two psychologists, Bibb Latane and John Darley, to create a concept many know as, ‘The Bystander Effect’ (“Bystander Effect”). The Bystander Effect can be characterized by, “the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present” (Myers 766). In other words, when people are in the presence of other people, or bystanders, they are less likely to help an individual in need, no matter the situation. This phenomenon takes action in the novel, The Lords of Discipline by Pat Conroy. The story takes place in Charleston, South Carolina, at their famously renowned military institute, The Citadel. The instructional methods utilized within The Citadel contradict themselves, such contradictions are represented by the bystander effect. The Citadel bemuses its students in teaching and indirectly promoting the Bystander Effect but at the

Latané and Darley did their research on bystander behaviour in the aftermath of the murder case of Catherine `Kitty´ Genovese,which happened in the Suburbs of New York in 1964. Catherine Genovese was returning late from home on night

David’s claim that the Holocaust occurred because the Germans became unusually cruel is false based on the fundamental attribution error and Milgram’s experiments. The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute other people’s behavior to internal factors, instead of accounting for situational factors. David committed this error when stating that Germans, as a whole, were “sadistic people with abnormal and twisted personalities”. David did not account for the immense pressure that the German public felt from Hitler during World War II. Although many atrocities were being committed, the Germans feared for their lives if they stood up for the Jews and disobeyed Hitler’s rule. David would be correct if he said that some Germans became systematically cruel, but the fundamental attribution error is introduced when David says that all Germans became systematically cruel.

Evaluate the key principles of play and their relevance to Forest SchoolThe Encyclopaedia of Children’s health (healthofchildren.com) defines play as" ...activities performed for self amusement that havebehavioural, social and psychomotor rewards. It is child directed, and the rewards come from within the individual child; it is enjoyable and spontaneous" At Forest School unstructured play can provide a sense offreedom in wilder spaces not normally found in day to day play. It can give participants a stronger sense of responsibility and self preservation. They give themselves permission to try things and if they don’t go according to plan they have learned and explored anyway. There is no-one there to judge them or tell them their ideas have failed or were wrong. It was just play. When children play together in this way they have to look out not just for themselves but each other. Their communicationskills are tested and honed. They hopefully learn to listen to the

The bystander effect began when a woman named Kitty Genovese was murdered in front of her apartment complex and was a witnessed murder by many of the residents in those apartments. Not one called the police, but why? We all believe that when you hear someone in a crisis you tend to freeze, not react the way others would want you to. Yes, it might be easy to pick up the phone, call the authorities as an anonymous caller, but what if the criminal saw you pick up the phone? Your mind gets you paranoid into thinking things that aren’t real, which results in you not do anything to help the person that was attacked but only help themselves.

The tile of the article that I have chosen is “Courageous or spineless? Our actions -- or inactions -- decide for us”. This article is written by Leonard Pitts, Jr. Leonard Garvey Pitts, Jr. (born October 11, 1957) is an American commentator, journalist and novelist. He is a nationally-syndicated columnist and winner of the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary. He was originally hired by the Miami Herald to critique music, but within a few years he received his own column in which he dealt extensively with race, politics, and culture.

Ultimately, the shocking thing about these bystander cases is that so many people failed to respond. If only one or two had ignored the victim, we might be able to understand their inaction. But when thirty-eight people, or eleven people, or hundreds of people fail to help, we become disturbed. Actually, this fact that shocks us so much is itself the clue to understanding these cases. If each member of a group of bystanders is aware that other people are also present, he will be less likely to notice the emergency, less likely to decide that it is an emergency,and less likely to act even if he thinks there is an emergency. (When Will People Help in a

Both Latané and Darley 's use of the experimental method and Levine 's use of discourse analysis aim to gain insight as to why the bystander phenomenon occurs, and are interested in why humans seemingly go against their better nature and choose not to help others. (The Open University, 2015a) Latané and Darley 's(1970) cited in Byford, (2014, p.229) experiment consisted of a lab-controlled test and used their quantitative results in order to understand the bystander effect and concluded that people are significantly less likely to respond when in the “passive confederate condition” and most likely to respond when in the “alone condition.” Levine 's (1999) cited in Byford (2014, p.236) viewing of qualitative evidence meant that he was able to determine factors he felt led to the explanation of this effect, such as the examination of the Bulger case and others ' feeling as though they should not become involved in family matters. Both of these experiments were conducted in order to more clearly understand Bystander behaviour and the reasons

This essay will define and explain ‘bystander intervention’ and ‘bystander effect’ and further it will compare and contrast the two approaches to investigating ‘bystander intervention’ in different ways, which means to identify both similarities and differences. Moreover, it is going represent some evidence from the book “Understanding Social Lives Part two” and the online module strands to give a better understanding of the concept.

The word “help” is a very complicated yet simple word. According to the Learner’s Dictionary, the definition of help is: to do something that makes it easier for someone to do a job, to deal with a problem, to aid or assist someone. Helping someone sounds like an easy job, and most of us would agree that we would help people anytime anywhere, but it always doesn’t turn out that way. Scientists have spent a considerable amount of time studying the helpfulness behavior of several types of people. Picture this... a man lying on the floor and a few people strolling about, occupied with their business. One lady tells herself that the man is alright and that he most likely doesn 't require any support. Another lady thinks that someone else will probably help and walks away. A man lets himself know as he leaves, that the man laying on the ground is probably drunk. Nobody helps the man. This is known as the bystander effect. The bystander effect states that during an occurrence or a crisis, the more observers there are, the less

Over the past few decades, hundreds of people have been falsely imprisoned. Many of their cases were founded on the account of one or more eyewitnesses. The criminal justice system often relies on eyewitness accounts to piece together a crime and identify the perpetrator. But studies showing the faultiness of our memories, particularly in stressful events, suggest that witnesses may not be as reliable of a source as we think.

Her earliest studies of eyewitness testimony addressed several issues: when someone sees a crime or accident, how accurate is his or her memory? These studies led Loftus to ask what happens when witness are questioned by police officers, and what if those questions are suggestive (Loftus, 2003). For instance, when Loftus began showing people films of traffic accidents, she found that a question such as “How fast were the cars going when the smashed into each other?” led to higher estimates of speed than a more neutral question that used the verb “hit”. Moreover, the “smashed” question led more people to falsely remember seeing broken glass when there was none. Her early papers concluded that leading questions could contaminate or distort a witness’s memory (Loftus,

On November 16, 1983, a 28-year-old woman was attacked as she was walking home from work in Lowell, Massachusetts. “The second victim had been on her way home from work when she was pushed to the ground by a man wielding a knife” (“Innocence Project”). The second victim attack was less than

The Ted Talk “How to Spot a Liar” by Pamela Meyer discusses and compares seeking the truth and seeking the lie. There is not only a strict scientific method to it but a more humanistic approach. Meyer tells us how lie spotters are armed with scientific knowledge on spotting deception (Meyer, 2011). The strongest points of Meyers’ argument are that lying is a cooperative act. If a lie is not believed or believable, it has lost its value. A lie has a perpetrator and a victim and without these characteristics, it’d fail. Lying is also an attempt to bridge a gap that connects our fantasies and reality (Meyer, 2011). When thinking about Schemas, lying has to be the most universally common model. The characteristics of a lie

Repetitive cries and screams for help were heard in Kew Gardens, New York on the Friday night of March 13th in 1964. As the 28-year-old Kitty Genovese was approaching her doorstep, an attacker –Winston Moseley- came from behind and started to stab her repeatedly. Despite her loud calls for help, turning on the bedroom lights along the neighborhood is all what her calls were capable of. None of the thirty nearby neighbors wanted to go under the spotlight of answering the call of duty so it wasn’t before 20 minutes when the anonymous hero that lived next door decided to call the police. It was four years later when our victim’s story became the perfect example to explain the social psychological