In National Education Blueprint, one of the key attributes needed by every student to be globally competitive is bilingual proficiency. Bilingualism simply means some functions in two languages, and on the other hand, it means a high level of proficiency in the two languages (Modares, 2004). Generally, the person who is able to speak two languages, like Bahasa Malaysia and English, or Chinese and Japanese, is called bilingual. Student may become bilingual either by learning a second language after acquiring the first language or by acquiring two languages at the same time. However, bilingualism is one of the critical issues in the field of studying of language which is dealt with by the most linguists. Bilingualism is a reality that is occurred …show more content…
Student’s motivation, as defined by Gardner (1982), is composed of three elements; effort (the time spent studying and the drive of the learner), desire (the yearning to become proficient in the language) and affect (the emotional reactions of the learning towards studying). Thus, it can be related to the teacher’s roles and strategy in teaching second language. It is essential for the learners to learn and teachers are responsible to facilitate learning besides awaken curiosity and inspire creativity in learners (Wright, 1982). In other words, learning strategies play very vital roles on learners’ understanding information and if the teachers not being aware of learning strategies and how to apply them correctly, this may lead to the learner’s failure in acquiring the second language and automatically, the learner’s motivation to learn will be diminished. To be taken into consideration, every task in the language learning environment needs special learning strategy, and when the appropriate strategy can be deployed, learning will happen effectively (Rahimi, Riazi and Saif, 2008). For example, teacher must know on how to approach or correct the problematic learners in order to capture or maintain their attention and motivation to correct their mistakes without degrading their motivation to learn better and humiliating them in front of the others. This is called as a strategic knowledge which refers to the information about what strategies are likely to be effective in achieving the learning goal (Flavell, 1979). In other words, strategic knowledge is general knowledge about the nature and utility of strategies which includes the information about the strategies as such, why they are useful and specific knowledge about when and how to use them (Wenden,
In his article, Dan Carsen discusses the challenges with bilingual education in the Southern United States. Although he recognizes the obstacles present in this system, Carsen does argue for bilingual education. By appealing to ethos, pathos, and logos, Carsen properly describes the difficulties and importance in implementing bilingual education in the South. Carsen successfully appeals to ethos by conducting several personal interviews to capture real-world experiences. The first interview mentioned in the article is with Angelina Baltazar, a bilingual student at Tarrant High School.
Bilingual people often get pushed away or bullied for not being able to speak a new language. Bilingual speakers should feel like they belong in their own identity. They should also speak out about their struggles and challenges with bilingualism. In the essay, "Hunger of Memory", Richard Rodriguez explains that being able to keep his native tongue while also learning a new language can be very helpful in the outside world. Being able to acknowledge different languages can help at school, work, or even just the grocery store.
The definition of bilingualism is fluency in or use of two languages. Martín Espada is the author of the essay “The New Bathroom Policy at English High School” which is about the act of Spanish being a forbidden language in a school full of multicultural children. In the essay, his main argument is the idea that the language of Spanish, or Bilingualism as a whole is interpreted as a burden for a young immigrant. Another author named Richard Rodriguez wrote about his struggle to juggle between his 2 languages, his public language (English) and his private
In the essay “Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood” (1981), Richard Rodriguez, an experienced writer, expressed that “…it is not possible to for a child – any child – ever to use his family’s language in school” and began expressing his past experiences with bilingualism (510). Rodriguez recollects his feelings toward the accents he has listened to throughout his childhood, his “disabling confusion” from gaining fluency in English and Spanish, and the intimacy passing between sounds and words (519). By implementing his personal experiences, he entices his reader into reading actively in order to express how confusing, yet beneficial bilingualism can be. Rodriguez’s audience is focused to those who can relate when using more than one language
Lesley states that bilingual education is “an educational program in which two languages are medium of instruction.” (P. 11) Before specifically discuss about California, as a whole, the United States never has been officially announced as a bilingual or multilingual country. Despite the fact that the U.S. adapts the method of assimilation, bilingual schools exist early as pre-World War I (P. 18). And then, with Bilingual Education Act of 1967 brings a rebirth and structural bilingual education back to schools and districts (P.
During the 1970’s, California was in an uproar of submersion of bilingual education in the public education system. This period of permissive was a landmark for bilingual education because Lau V. Nichols marked a movement that lead to assimilation to redefine unification of the Americanization in the United States during this period. First, to understand the movement, in 1906 the Nationality Act passed that implicated the first legislation that required incoming immigrants to speak English as the dominant language (Barker, 2011). I believe in order to understand what is going on in the present you have to understand the history.
Language forms a part of culture and identity. Bilingualism is the right to speak multiple languages. Part of bilingualism is keeping and developing a passion for language. In the essay “The New Bathroom Policy at English High School,” Martín Espada suggests the definition of bilingualism and the importance of keeping it. Espada understands the difficulty of continuing to speak Spanish.
Lead-K Sets the Standard for Educational Goals Within Deaf Community As our country moves toward an all-inclusive society, where every gender, race, culture and social group is revered for its independency and uniqueness, one fraction of the nation seems to be left in the backdrop. The deaf community population makes up about 4 million of the total United States population,. The deaf community faces many challenges, but none may be greater than the access to early education and language acquisition. Many deaf children are born to hearing parents, which henceforth produce a challenge for the young child to receive the necessary skills for their success in the educational realm.
Being bilingual can be both useful or irritating, having the ability to communicate and understand several languages or being raised to be an interpreter for your parents. As you become more exposed to a variety of languages you can often observe how society treats certain languages. Martin Espada is a lawyer and poet who defends Spanish speakers in America, makes it clear about the role of language in his essay, “The New Bathroom Policy at English High School.” He asserts that the importance of language is created from cultural identity. When Espada shared what he learned about maintaining and defending Spanish he proceeded to say, “Defending the right of all Latinos to use the tongue of their history and identity creates in me passion for Spanish itself.”
However, in order for one to truly understand the arguments made by the authors they must also understand the context behind these arguments; therefore, knowing how the individual authors’ definition of bilingualism lets the reader truly absorb what points they’re trying to make and why. In Espada’s essay, he defines bilingualism as a way for a person to remain in contact with their different cultural identities. There are many areas in the essay where the reader could interpret this definition from. However, the most significant piece of evidence appears at the beginning of the essay where Espada mentions his friend Jack Agueros’ analogy to describe his bilingualism “English and Spanish are like two dogs I love. English is an obedient dog.
Subtractive bilingualism refers to the idea of ridding someone of their native language in order to learn the language of their new country in order to participate in the country fully. Historically in the United States this approach has been used on immigrants and the children of immigrants as a means to quickly assimilate them and rid them of the burden of their native language (Nieto, 2003, p. 211). For example, a Spanish-speaking student who has just emigrated from the United States would be in a classroom that only used English and would not be allowed to speak in Spanish. Additive bilingualism refers to someone learning a new language in addition to the language they already know and therefore increasing their knowledge of languages.
With nations becoming increasingly connected through mediums like the internet, the world has changed substantially within the last decade. It’s a time where Spanish songs such as Luis Fonsi’s Despacito can top the American music charts, where traveling to the other side of the world takes a few hours instead of weeks, and more importantly, where states like California and Utah are continuing to promote and provide for a growing demand for bilingual education through dual-immersion programs. Although the states have great strides in the right direction, bilingual education should not be encouraged but rather be required for K-12 students. Because bilingual education integrates languages into the student’s lifestyle through instruction, it enriches the lives of children, the adults they will become, and the community to which they will contribute to.
Increasing development of bilingual education and the evolution of language may be due to the population size, social, political, economical and personal requirements. Numerous researches show that learning a language can improve mental agility, it can strengthen brain, develop communicative abilities of invidividuals and strengthen and improve overall humans´ abilities and skills. The concept of bilingualism should be tackled because of the various definitions that are given to this term. Those definitions seem to share one basic element, which is the use of two given languages by a given speaker. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages or the frequent use (as by a community) of two languages.
Being bilingual has got many advantages. It has been debated that bilingualism has multiple advantages such as cognitive, cultural, academic benefits as well. Cognitive benefit reveals that being bilingual help to facilitate human brain. People who are bilingual have two language systems which are working simultaneously. These systems don’t create hindrance in individual’s performance and ensure brain’s functioning of both cognitive aspects (Bialystok, 1999).
The notion of bilingualism is frequently connected to the idea of code-switching since a person should have ability to speak using two or more than one variety. Researchers have made countless studies describing bilingualism as they create awareness in different ways. To begin with is Bloomfield (1933) who defined bilingualism as having the “native- like control of two languages”. However, Haugen (1953) pinpointed that bilingualism is the ability of a speaker to communicate and understand an additional variety. This is to mean that the concept of bilingualism exist only when an individual of a certain variety has the capability to communicate effectively in an additional variety.