Bio Impedance Spectroscopy Basics Lab Report
2.3 Bio Impedance Spectroscopy Basics:
Each cell in the body consists a semipermeable cell membrane which comprises of lipids and complex proteins. Internal of the cell membrane is filled with intracellular fluid (ICF) and the external part of the cell membrane consists extracellular fluid (ECF) as shown in fig .We know that various ions like Na+, K+, Cl- etc. move in and out of the cell membrane as a result of which charges tend to accumulate on either sides of the membrane i.e. at ICF and ECF as a result of which there are two conducting zones separated by a non-conducting membrane.
Fig Illustration of cell membrane and matrix
Since the ICF and ECF consists charges they can be considered as conductors with resistance RI and RE respectively
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F is the frequency in hertz.
RE is the resistance of ECF.
At very high frequencies i.e f=∞ the current will easily pass through the ICF and the effect of membrane capacitance is zero as shown in fig.
Therefore at f=∞
R∞=RE||RI (2)
Fig. Electrical pathway in cells at very high frequencies (a) and its equivalent circuit(b)
At extreme frequencies the cell behaves as pure resistance but incase of intermediate frequencies the impedance has a complex value and a phase angle.Thus we can say that impedance of a cell lies in the range R0>Z>R∞ for 0<∞ is given by:
Z=RE/( RE +RI)[RI+RE/(1+[jwCm( RE +RI)α]] (4)
Where
α is contstant typically varies between 0.6-0.7 in human body.
2.4 Skin and its electrical properties:
2.4.1.
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One-half of its volume is made of collagen and elastic fibers, ISF accounts for about 45%, and the rest corresponds to blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and sweat glands. Its upper layer is the papillary dermis and contains the vascular network and sensory nerve endings. The reticular dermis, which is the deeper layer, consists of loose connective and epithelial-derived structures such as glands and follicles. Standard home monitoring techniques take samples from dermal capillary blood, whose vessels change its diameter with stress, temperature, aging and disease
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