INTRODUCTION Enzymes are biological catalyst that alters the chemical reaction rate without itself being altered which reacts with the substrate and converts the enzyme substrate complex into different molecules – product. Enzyme plays the consequential role in functioning of life process such as for growth, digestion of nutrients, excretion of metabolic waste, energy provider to brain and muscles and thus directly or indirectly involved in every biological processing of life. Apart from numerous life functioning role, enzymes are also used in industry-oriented procedure such as for drug delivery in biomedical research, production of biodiesel in energy sector, production of jams and syrups in food industry, treatment of sewage in waste management
Enzymes can’t make endergonic reactions exergonic. They can only quicken reactions that will eventually occur, but this enables the cell to have a productive metabolism, routing chemicals through metabolic pathways. Enzymes are very specific for the reactions they catalyze; they make sure the chemical processes go in the cell at any given time. Peroxidase was the enzyme being testing in this experiment. A peroxidase is an enzyme that acts as catalysts, which occurs in biological systems.
Enzymes are one the most powerful catalysts and play an important role in living organisms as they allow reactions which would normally require extreme temperatures to occur in all living cells without destroying the organic matter. For a chemical reaction to occur a minimum threshold must be exceeded for a process to occur. This is the activation energy. Enzymes catalyse reactions by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction which allows the reaction to happen at lower temperatures. Enzymes are proteins and have a specific shape for its specific function.
Enzymes are homogeneous biological catalyst that work by lowering the activation of a reaction pathway or providing a new pathway with a low activation energy. Enzymes are special biological polymers that contain an active site, which is responsible for binding the substrates, the reactants, and processing them into products. As is true of any catalyst, the active site returns to its original state after the products are released. Many enzymes consist primarily of proteins, some featuring organic or inorganic cofactors in their active sites. However, certain ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules can also be biological catalysts, forming ribozymes.
Enzymes are proteins that significantly speed up the rate of chemical reactions that take place within cells. Some enzymes help to break large molecules into smaller pieces that are more easily absorbed by the body. Other enzymes help bind two molecules together to produce a new molecule. Enzymes are selective catalysts, meaning that each enzyme only speeds up a specific reaction. The molecules that an enzyme works with are called substrates.
Organometallic catalysts, for example, present wide substrate scopes and high productivity, thus they are often used in chemical manufacturing. However, their selectivity is poor, they present inability to function in aqueous solution and their reactions often require harsh conditions, such as high pressure. On the other hand, biocatalysts are widely used in pharmaceutical industry and green chemistry, due to their high selectivity. However, their main disadvantages include their low productivity and their inability to maintain high catalytic activity in organic solvents and high
In order for an enzyme to carry out these functions it must work in conjunction with molecules such as substrates that are specific for each type of protein, and Pilar Feldbush General Cell Biology February 12, 2015 Lab Section K Lab 5: Enzymes coenzymes which aid in transporting the substrate to the protein’s “active site” (a hole or groove designed to fit only a specific type of substrate). Once attached, the protein can now move on to its destination, whether it be to the bloodstream, digestive system, or any other organ within the body. The ability for the substrate to attach to the enzyme is what allows the enzyme to hold and maintain it’s shape, which in turn directly impacts it’s function. The shape of an enzyme can be altered through the process of denaturation (the unraveling of the protein). Denaturing occurs when an enzyme is exposed to higher temperatures of heat and causing it to break the weak bonds that hold the molecule together.
Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of a reaction without being chemically changed. Enzymes are globular proteins that contain an active site. A specific substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme chemically and structurally (4). Enzymes also increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy for that reaction which is the minimum energy required for the reaction to take place (3). Multiple factors affect the activity of an enzyme (1).
Their use is vital for life as they work in important parts of the body. The reactions that enzymes catalyze include digestion and metabolism. All enzymes of made of proteins.They are folded into complicated shapes in order to allow smaller molecules (substrate) to fit into them. The place at which the enzyme and substrate combine is called the active site. There are several factors affecting enzyme activity.
Lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase E.C.3.1.1.3) is a class of enzymes belonging to the serine hydrolases and widely known as important biocatalyst which involved in hydrolysis, interesterification, esterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis and aminolysis (Rajendran et al., 2009). These industrial potential enzymes are ubiquitous in nature and produced by various organisms including animal, plant, bacteria, fungi and yeast (Wu et al. 1995). However, lipases derived from bacterial are the most versatile enzymes and commercially applied in various industries (Chouchan and Dawande, 2010). Recently, the number of research and publication related to the properties and industrial applications of lipase-catalyzed reaction increased rapidly and received