Laboratory Testing
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). A measure of organic materials concentration in the wastewater that can be oxidized by the bacteria and normally determined on the 5th day at 20˚C through the amount of oxygen consumed. In this study, the procedure referred is APHA-5210 B.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD). This test is used to quantify the amount of oxidizable pollutants found in water, technically a measure of the water sample going through oxidation and reduction reaction. The analysis is done using Hach method.
Total suspended solids (TSS). To determine the amount of suspended and insoluble organic particles in the sample as a measure of the turbidity of the water. For this test, the procedure referred is APHA-2540 B.
Ammoniacal nitrogen (AN). A determination of ammonia
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(2016). Development of a new non- aeration-based sewage treatment technology: Performance evaluation of a full-scale down-flow hanging sponge reactor employing third-generation sponge carriers. Water Research, 102, 138- 146. International Water Association.
[4] Choksi, K. N., Sheth, M. A., and Mehta, D. (2015). To assess the performance of Sewage Treatment 71-1075.
[5] Vera, I., Saez, K., and Vidal, G. (2013). Performance of 14 full-scale sewage treatment plants: Comparison between four aerobic technologies regarding effluent quality, sludge production and energy consumption. Environmental Technology, 34(15), 2267-2275. Taylor & Francis Group.
[6] Suja, F., Abdul Rahman, R., and Jaafar, O. (2013). Comparison on the Treatment Performance of Full- scale Sewage Treatment Plants using Conventional and Modified Activated Sludge Processes. Recent Advances in Environment, Ecosystems and Development, pp. 179-187.
[7] Butler, E., Hung, Y.-T., Al Ahmad, M. S., Yeh, R. Y.-L., Liu, R. L.-H., and Fu, Y.-P. (2017). Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment. Applied Water Science, (2017) 7, pp.
Some of our results for the Dissolved Oxygen tests were 12, 11, 8, and 7. Those were the results of our teams Eutrophication
These water samples were all taken from the shores of Barker Lake, meaning that they should be similar and they were. Our class data did not seem to be very precise. This is shown in the data in sites 1 and 2 when one group had 9 ppm and another group had 20 ppm. These samples both came from Salt Creek and should have been similar but were not. Another example of class data being inconsistent or imprecise was on site 4 when one group’s results showed 3 ppm and another group’s showing 6.
There was a strong odor similar to the smell of vinegar given off. After the solution was heated and the solid dissolved, 0.2 mL of hydrobromic acid was added to the test tube. The solution turned a bright yellow color after the hydrobromic acid was added. The solution was heated in a hot water bath for 5-10 minutes and then let cool. After heating, the
To test for the presence of the ammonia cation, a scoop of the unknown compound was mixed with NaOH to see if the resulting solution had a noticeable smell that would affirm the presence of ammonia. A moist piece of pH paper was then held near the solution to see if the ammonium would dissolve the water on the pH paper. The next cation test performed was the flame test. A gram of the unknown compound was held by a metal stick above the flame of a Bunsen burner to see what color flame the compound would produce. The chart in the lab manual on page 63 was used to determine what cation correlated with what flame color.
Title: Enzymes Abstract: Enzymes can catalyze chemical reactions by speeding up the chemicals activation energy. Temperature and pH are just two of the factors that affects enzymes and their involvement with chemicals and the way they function. Throughout this experiment, we conducted a study on peroxidase, which is an enzyme. The following information consist of the recordings of when it was exposed to four different pH levels to come up with an optimum pH and IRV at the end. Introduction: Enzymes are proteins that are used in reactions in living organisms.
The built-in probe in the chamber measured the dissolved oxygen concentration in the chamber’s water (mg/L), which could reflect the oxygen consumption rate of goldfish. After the fish accommodated to the new environment, the oxygen concentration data were collected every 20 seconds for 10 minutes by the Logger Lite program. The data were then plotted into a scatter chart and analyzed with a linear trendline, to obtain
While I thoroughly enjoyed The Diary of an Oxygen Thief and it wasn’t insanely difficult to read, it was just harder to read than the rest of the books for several reasons. For one, at the beginning of the book, it would switch from many different stories about people. Which made it harder to follow along and keep track of whom he was talking about. Another reason is the author switched very suddenly from subject to subject. However, I loved the book, it was a very good read.
Introduction: Enzymes are needed for survival in any living system and they control cellular reactions. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed for molecules to begin reacting with each other. They do this by forming an enzyme-substrate complex that reduces energy that is required for a specific reaction to occur. Enzymes determine their functions by their shape and structure. Enzymes are made of amino acids, it 's made of anywhere from a hundred to a million amino acids, each they are bonded to other chemical bonds.
The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the effects of the variables: temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration, on the enzymatic reaction rate of catalase and the level at which its products are released, measuring the rate of absorption using the indicator solution guaiacol and a spectrophotometer to develop a hypothesis of the ideal conditions for these reactions. My hypothesis is that the extremes in concentration, temperature and pH will negatively affect the Au rate. This experiment used 11 solutions contained in cuvettes. Each cuvette, once mixed, is placed in spectrophotometer and then a reading taken every 20 seconds. Cuvettes 1, 8, and 10 are used as blanks to zero out the spectrophotometer.
Cell Respiration Lab Research Question What is the optimal temperature for germinating pea-seeds where the rate of respiration is the greatest? Background Information Cell Respiration refers to the biochemical process conducted by the cells of an organism that combines glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP, along with two by-products, water and carbon dioxide. The equation representing this chemical reaction is shown below. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
In attempt to identify Unknown A three different reagents were used. In the first test five drops of NaOH was added to Unknown A, no apparent reaction occurred therefore there was no cation present. Another fraction of Unknown A was tested with diluted HNO3 and five drops of AgNO3 which formed a yellow precipitate however, it was later discovered that this test was a false positive for anions. A final fraction of Unknown A was tested with five drops of HCl to test for CO3 anions. The result of this test was effervescence (bubbles), this suggested that Unknown A was positive for CO3.
Cellular Respiration One of the main essentials of life that all organisms need in order to function in our world is, energy. We receive that energy from the food that we eat. Cellular respiration is the most efficient way for a cell to receive the energy stored in food. In cellular respiration, a catabolic pathway, which breaks down the molecules into smaller units, in order to produce adenosine triphosphate, also known as, ATP. ATP, is used by cells in the act of regular cellular operations, it is a “high energy” molecule.
Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide - Lab Report Background Information/Introduction: The aim of this lab is to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide by converting magnesium to magnesium oxide. As an alkali earth metal, magnesium reacts violently when heated with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide and magnesium nitride as a byproduct. In order to obtain only magnesium oxide, distilled water was added so that magnesium nitride will react and convert to magnesium hydroxide. Further heating then oxidizes all of the magnesium into magnesium oxide.
The Effect of Sugar Concentration on CO2 Production by Cellular Respiration in Yeast Introduction In this lab, our main focus was to find how sugar concentration affect yeast respiration rates. This was to simulate the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process that cells use to transfer energy from the organic molecules in food to ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate). Glucose, CO2, and yeast (used as a catalyst in this experiment) are a few of the many vital components that contribute to cellular respiration.
They can also act as a final electron acceptor. Many bacteria can be differentiated and are identified by their capacity to reduce nitrates to nitrites. Most of the bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae reduce nitrates [165]. OF test is used to differentiate those organisms that utilize carbohydrates aerobically (Oxidation) such as P. aeruginosa, from those that utilize carbohydrates anaerobically (Fermentation) such as members of the Enterobacteriaaceae. The OF medium contains peptone, test carbohydrate and bromothymol blue as indicator.