What Are The Three Biochemical Pathways
Due Date: 27th April 2015
Three biochemical reactions happen in order to harvest the maximum amount of energy. I will be telling you how the energy is absorbed and passed along the pathways. The three pathways are Glycolysis, The Citric Acid Cycle and The Electron Transport Chain.
The first of the three pathways I will discuss is Glycolysis. Glycolysis is located in the cytoplasm of the cell of plants, animals and micro-organisms. It occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Glycolysis has three stages.
The first stage has three different steps, phosphorylation, isomerization and a second phosphorylation reaction. Phosphorylation happens when a phosphate group is added to a molecule that is derived from ATP. Stage one begins with the
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This stage is catalysed by aldolase which gets its name from the nature of the reverse reaction, an aldol condensation. The interconversion reaction involves the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase which interconverts the molecules dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde phosphate. At the end the 6-carbon glucose molecule is split into two three carbon molecules at the expense of two ATP …show more content…
One of 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate phosphoryl group is transferred to ADP, this reaction is catalysed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This process is a summary of two processes, oxidation of the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid by NAD and carboxylic acid and orthophosphate joining to form acyl-phoshate.
The generation of ATP from phosphorylated three-carbon metabolites of glucose is the final stage of glycolysis. The transfer of the phosphoryl group from the acyl phosphate of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP is catalysed by phosphoglycerate kinase. The products of this reaction are ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.
In the final steps of glycolysis, 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into pyruvate with the connected conversion of ADP into ATP.
By slowing down or speeding up the steps in the glycolytic pathways glycolysis is regulated. There is three regulatory enzymes, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. In response to the inside and outside conditions of the cell the glycolytic pathway flux is adjusted. When blood sugar levels decrease glycolysis is postponed to allow reverse process
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