Biocultural And Cross-Cultural Analysis

They both impact health and are influenced by each other. For example, social aspects can activate biological traits and biological features can be influenced by social (environment)

Task 2 7 / C.P6: Compare the influence of different health and safety laws or policies on health and social care practice in a selected setting There are several different health and safety laws and policies that vary between settings in health and social care aimed towards different legislations that must be followed, and have resulted in improvements in health and social care practice. It is important that these legislations are followed by service providers in order for them to promote safe practice and to fully understand their responsibilities under these legislations. Some of the legislations include the Health and Safety at Work Act etc 1974, the Data Protection Act 1998, the Care Act 2014, the Care Standards Act 2000 and the Equality Act 2010. The Health and Safety at Work Act etc 1974 aims to ensure the health, safety and welfare to all individuals in the workplace and reducing the risk of accidents, illness, injuries and malpractice. This can include the administration, handling, storage and record of dangerous substances and the training of staff in these areas as well as in handling safety equipment to ensure health and safety.

The cause of death is usually diarrhea, but behind it is acute deficits of necessary micronutrients. About 2 million children die from pneumonia. Antibiotics to treat it cost 27 cents a dollar. Their families lack them. In total, 18 million people die each year from poverty-related causes.

The Native Americans were pushed around and had to move several times to secure their safety. The vast majority of the Native Americans died from war and different diseases brought to North America by the foreigners. Here are some examples small pox, measles, scarlet fever, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases. They didn’t have immunity to these types of diseases at the time so it slowly killed the Native Americans wide spread. Eventually the United States had a policy on Indian removal.

When the population changes, government adjustments are often a result. During the Black Death, disease spread and killed many people of different ages, wiping out a good amount of the population. “Some communities escaped unharmed, but in others, approximately two-thirds to three-quarters of those who caught the disease died. Before the bubonic plague ran its course, it killed almost 25 million Europeans and many more millions in Asia and North Africa." This shows a decrease in population during the Black Death.

Meanwhile, Western medicine has not accepted this theory as a scientific fact yet has accepted it as a complementary treatment for certain back conditions to ease the pain. To illustrate some of the differences/similarities between Chiropractic and the Biomedical Model, there is the need to point out the way each system treats the disease. The

The biopsychosocial model, or (BPS), focuses on how biological, psychological and social/environmental factors affect an individual and also how these factors interact with each other. Many methods focus on one factor or one influence, the BPS addresses a wide array of factors and influences that impact physical and mental health. The biological component of this theory examines aspects of biology that influence health. The psychological component in this model “examines psychological components, things like thoughts, emotions, or behaviors. The social/environmental component of this model examines social factors that might influence the health of an individual, things like our interactions with others, our culture, or our economic status.

Some people could not walk or move as they were helpless and cried in agony. Many people died from not only diseases, but also from hunger because they "could not get to search for food" and "everyone else was too sick to care of them, so they starved to death in their own beds" (Document 7). Document 2 shows that the effects of the diseases caused a large decline of population for the Native Americans– estimating a decrease of roughly 25 million people to 1.5 million people within about 85 years. Through the exchange of goods, the Americans imported a lot more than they intended. In effect of that, they killed many people and destroyed many civilizations.

Madeline Leininger’s Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory, deals with the impact of culture on health and healing. In health care today, a nurse must deal with people from many backgrounds, cultures, and ethnic origins. Transcultural nursing is practiced throughout nursing when caring for people from different cultures. The purpose of Leininger’s theory is to produce knowledge related to nursing care of people from diverse nationalities, who value their ethnic heritage and culture. Leininger’s theory recognized and understood cultural differences and similarities while caring for patients of different backgrounds.

However, these needs can vary individual to individual regarding their personal characteristics, pathology, and health care settings. Thus, health professionals need to understand patient needs and react in accordance (Hills & Kitchen, 2007; Hills & Kitchen, 2007b). Johnson (1996) attempted to compare Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and the normative model (Theory of caregiver motivation or hierarchy of patient outcomes encompasses classification systems for healthcare outcomes proposed by Brook et al., (1977), Donabedian (1982) and Lohr (1988)) to understand what optimizes patient satisfaction and quality of health care. According to the normative model, patient outcomes from health service are classified into four outcome groups, disease eradication, patient performance, general health and patient satisfaction in ascending order of hierarchy. Johnson proposed as the most basic need physiological needs of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs is parallel to disease eradication outcome in health service; safety needs of Maslow’s hierarchy to patient performance outcome, esteem and love needs of Maslow’s hierarchy to general health outcome and self-actualization needs of Maslow’s hierarchy to patient satisfaction outcome, respectively.

Yellow fever is known to exterminate thirty thousand people yearly. Since dead bodies were everywhere on the ground volunteers would gather them and they would carry those who are dying as well. During this time period African Americans were required to give care to those who are ailing and on the verge of death. This took place after the population began to decrease and many started to leave the region of Philadelphia and a small amount of people were left for nurturing and interring jobs. To sum up, many thought due to the chill, aseptic atmosphere was the reason as to why the yellow fever fled.

In a culturally diverse country like the United States, healthcare professionals such as nurses will work with people of different cultural backgrounds who have different view of health and illness. Mcgoldrick, Giordano & Preto (2006) concluded that a sense of well-being in terms of physical and mental health within a societal context is strongly affected by cultural identity. Shared values, behaviors, beliefs and ethno-cultural attitudes of a community influence life experiences and decision we make (Yolanda & Griselda, 2006). With this in mind, it is essential for the nurses recognize the importance patients’ cultural values rooted in their health seeking behaviors. Culture Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines culture as a

A1. Discuss the differences between two models of health and healing (e.g., physical body, body-mind, body-mind-spirit/bio-psycho-social,) as they relate to what it means to be human: There are many differences between the three models of health and healing that I have observed in my studies of this area; however, I feel more influenced to the differences between the Era one mechanical model and Era three-Body/Mind/Spirit model. In Era one, healthcare seemed to be more related to direct medicine and interpreted such as more of a science. During this particular era, nurses seemed to be more practicing in the role of a scientist due to the existence of viewing the patient as more of an illness rather than a whole complete individual, taking

After reading Dr. Galanti 's articles about culturally competent healthcare please answer the following questions: What did you gain from reading Dr. Galanti 's article? Dr. Galanti provides insight into the relationship between cultural diversity and heath care providers. Dr. Galanti’s briefly states the difference between “stereotype and generalization”. The author recognizes that generalization may be a key factor used by workers in the health care community to bring awareness and a better understanding of cultural differences among patients. The article explains that although cultures differ in values, traditions, and beliefs, there are questions (the 4’C’s of culture) that may open up the line of communication, between provider and

The Black Plague The disease that wiped out thirds of the population, destroying civilizations. The age after the seven-year famine, that had already wiped out ten percent of the population, would lead straight into the period of death and mourning, called The Black Plague. This period started in the late 1348s and ended in estimated years. In the 14th century, humans didn’t have the science and medicine that we have today. The fact of the matter was in that time if you or your loved ones obtained the virus, you would be dead in around a week.