Biological Cognitive Development

In this assignment I first went through the outline of Freud's psychosexual theory of development. Next I mainly focused on how parents manage their children’s sexual drives during these developmental period. Finally I included some of the common critiques find in Freud’s theory. Outline of Freud’s Psychological development According to Freud, Oral stage (birth to 1 year) is the stage where the sensual pleasure is attained by sucking and biting. Mouth is the center of libido.

He also suggested that infants are born with certain behaviours called social releasers which help certify proximity and closeness with the mother such as crying or smiling (Bowlby 1988). Bowlby (1958) suggested that attachment is adaptive as it increases the infants chance of survival in an evolutionary context. The caregiver provides safety and security for the infant. Harlow (1958) argued that attachment develops as the mother provides comfort for them which indicates that infants have a biological touch for emotional comfort and secure attachment with their

Areas that relate to childhood development include, physical both fine and gross motor, social, emotional, communication, language and cognitive development. All areas are important and all make up the whole child (Howe, 2005). As if the foetus develops into an individual, attachment with the primary carer giver is already developing. Even at this early age, the attachment between a mother and child can create a positive outcome for and the well-being of the child in the future (Howe,

The id is an important unconscious structure that contains basic instinctual drives when we are born. Freud believed that the id is based on our pleasure principle. For example, a baby needs or wants something such as milk, the baby would

Bowlby suggested that a child would initially form only one primary attachment (monotropy) and that the attachment figure acted as a secure base for exploring the world. The attachment relationship acts as a prototype for all future social relationships so disrupting it can have severe consequences or what is called ‘internal working model’ (Bowlby, 1969). There are three main features of the internal working model: first, a model of others as being trustworthy, secondly, a model of the self as valuable, and thirdly a model of the self as effective when interacting with others. t is this mental representation that guides future social and emotional behavior as the child’s internal working model guides their responsiveness to others in

where does it come from? and how does it work? Most psychologists agree with the following statement: Your experiences as an infant with closeness, touching, and attachment to your mother (or other primary caregiver) have an important influence on your abilities to love and be close to others later in life. If you think about it, what was your first experience with love? For most of you, it was the bond between you and your mother beginning at the moment of your birth.

The first principle states to, “Involve Infants and Toddlers in Things That Concern Them.” The caregiver’s primary goal should be to keep the child involved in what is happening to the child’s body. When you involve a child in certain activities this will increase the child’s attention span, body awareness, and cooperation. For example, try involving your child in bath time. Instead of giving the child a toy to play with let the child know what you are doing. Doing this will give the child an education in human relations, setting the foundation for her to build for her life.

Theories, Key Concepts, Principles, and Assumptions Two theories that will be discussed in this paper is Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development and John Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment. Erikson’s theory is considered psychosocial, emphasizing the importance of social and cultural factors within a lifespan, from infancy to later adulthood. Erikson’s theory is broken down into eight consecutive age-defined stages. During each stage, a person experiences a psychosocial crisis that contributes to their personality development. Erikson was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory of Development.

Unit 1.4 promote children emotional well-being 1.1 John Bowlby attachment theorist was that he believed mental health and behavioural problems could be attributed to early childhood, babies get attach usually for who care for them and this crate a close bond and they need attachments in order to survive. Bowlby theory says that when children come into the world they set up to form attachments with others because this will help them to develop sure relationship. Bowlby looked at how babies become attached to their mother and what happens to them when they are separated or when they feel insecure and fear, the attachment behaviours are instinctive and will be activated by any circumstances that seem to threaten for the child. Bowlby also assumed

She spread the word about infant massage and helped new mothers learn the importance of using these new techniques in caring for their children (McClure). Infant massage provides many proven benefits through touch and the use of oils not only for the infants themselves but the parents as well. Infant