Biological Molecules

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1. alpha helix- A type of secondary structure that looks like a spring.

2. amine- the generic name for molecules that contain an amino group

3. amino acid- Molecules that contain both an amino group and a carboxyl group.

4. amino group- When a carbon skeleton has a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens.

5. anabolic steroids- Man-made versions of testosterone.

6. carbohydrate- A macromolecule that includes monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

7. carbon skeleton- Carbons, when bonded to each other, create the backbone of a molecule.

8. carbonyl group- When a carbon skeleton contains a carbon double bonded to an oxygen.

9. carboxyl group- When a carbon skeleton contains a carbon that is double bonded to an oxygen and contains …show more content…

11.cellulose- A polymer that contains glucose as its monomers and from links among themself through hydrogen bonds. Cellulose is found in plant cell walls.

12.dehydration synthesis- The process that forms polymers by attaching monomers together by removing atoms from between two monomers to create water molecules.

13.denaturation- When a protein can not function as its supposed to because its shape was changed.

14.deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)- A type of nucleic acid that is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. DNA is also found in genes.

15.disaccharide- The result of when a dehydration reaction connects two monosaccharides.

16.double helix- Two polynucleotide strands are linked together by twisting around each other.

17.enzyme- Macromolecules that have the function of making chemical reactions in cells go faster.

18.fat (triacylglycerol)- A lipid that has three fatty acid hydrocarbon chains attached to one glycerol.

19.functional group- Groups of molecules that have specific properties are often found bonded to a carbon skeleton.

20.gene- Consists of DNA and is responsible for programing information that gets passed down from parents to …show more content…

36.peptide bond- The result of when a amino acid group of one molecule and the carboxyl group of another molecule bond through a dehydration reaction.

37.phosphate group- a functional group that is composed of four oxygen atoms bonded to a phosphate atom

38.phospholipid- A lipid that consists of a hydrophilic glycerol head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. Phospholipids are found in cell membranes.

39.pleated sheet- A type of secondary structure where the hydrogen bonds are arranged so that the molecules take on a shape that resembles a folded sheet.

40.polymer- Chains that make up macromolecules and consist of minute molecules.

41.polypeptide- When a bunch of amino acids bond together through peptide bonds.

42.polysaccharide- A type of macromolecule that consists of chains of monosaccharides, which is formed by dehydration reactions.

43.primary structure- A polypeptide chain that contains the protein’s amino acid sequence.

44.protein- Molecules that have a myriad of structures and functions, but all have amino acids as monomers.

45.quaternary structure- The structure of proteins that have at least 2 polypeptide

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