1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Biometric Technology: Biometrics refers to the identification or authentication of an individual based on certain unique features or characteristics. Biometric identifiers are the distinctive and measurable features that is used to label and describe individuals. There are two categories of biometric identifiers namely physiological and behavioural characteristics. Iris, fingerprint, DNA, etc. belong to the former kind of biometric identifiers whereas typing rhythm, gait, voice, etc. belong to the latter. A biometric system usually functions by first capturing a sample of the feature, such as capturing a digital colour image of a face to be used in facial recognition or a recording a digitized sound signal to be used in …show more content…
Pattern recognition 2. Segmentation(threshold based segmentation) 3. Feature extraction 4. BSIF (Binarized Statistical Image Feature) 2.1Pattern recognition: Iris imaging requires use of a high quality digital camera. Today’s commercial iris cameras typically use infrared light to illuminate the iris without causing harm or discomfort to the subject. Upon imaging an iris, a 2D Gabor wavelet filters and maps the segments of the iris into phasors (vectors). These phasors include information on the orientation and spatial frequency (“what” of the image) and the position of these areas (“where” of the image). This information is used to map the Iris Codes. 2.2 Segmentation: Partitioning an image into regions corresponding to objects. All pixels in a region share a common property .Simplest property that pixels can share intensity Thresholding=separation of light and dark regions In computer vision, image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments (sets of pixels, also known as super pixels). The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze Image segmentation is typically used to locate objects and boundaries (lines, curves, etc.) in images. More precisely, image segmentation is the process of assigning a label to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share certain …show more content…
Feature Extraction: In machine learning, pattern recognition and in image processing, feature extraction starts from an initial set of measured data and builds derived values (features) intended to be informative and non-redundant, facilitating the subsequent learning and generalization steps, and in some cases leading to better human interpretations. Feature extraction is related to dimensionality reduction. When the input data to an algorithm is too large to be processed and it is suspected to be redundant (e.g. the same measurement in both feet and meters, or the repetitiveness of images presented as pixels), then it can be transformed into a reduced set of features (also named a features vector). This process is called feature extraction. The extracted features are expected to contain the relevant information from the input data, so that the desired task can be performed by using this reduced representation instead of the complete initial data. Figure.2.3.Detecting an object (left) in a cluttered scene (right) using combination feature detection, feature extraction and matching. See example for
Fig. 4. (a) Edge detected face (b) Edges in wrinkle area Feature 7= (sum of pixel values in forehead area / number of pixels in forehead area) + (sum of pixel values in left eyelid area / number of pixels in left eyelid area) + (sum of pixel values in right eyelid area / number of pixels in right eyelid area)
Are body cameras an invasion of privacy to the officers and to the public? Do they help when civilians make false accusations against officers? These are the types of questions that are frequently asked about body cameras. In today 's society, many citizens believe that the use of body cameras is in invasion of privacy, while others think they can be really helpful.
Medical identity theft happens when someone uses any or all of your personal information, such as your name, social security number, or even insurance number, without your knowledge to obtain medical treatment, equipment, or services. Medical identity theft can be committed by anyone. There are numerous steps you can take to avoid this problem. Make sure your computer is logged out, or that the screen is locked when you step away from your computer. That way any information that is pulled up will no longer be able to be seen on the screen.
It’s no secret that everyone holds their own opinion regarding the actions of police officers and other positions of authority within these past years, be it positive or negative. From the shootings of innocent and unarmed civilians to disciplinary action being taken against those that haven’t done anything unlawful, there’s rarely a day when the police force of the United States doesn’t find itself involved in some sort of controversy. No matter what side people find themselves supporting in these instances, be it the police or the civilian, it’s true that both sides can benefit from the use of these police body cameras. Police body cameras hold one main purpose and that’s to deteriorate the ever-present risk of unnecessary aggression on
Journal of Information Security and Applications, 20, pp.90-98. [2]Gordon, M. and Sankaranarayanan, S., 2010, September. Biometric security mechanism in Mobile paymentts. In 2010 Seventh International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks-(WOCN) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Stop Injustice, End "Stop and Frisk" Do you want to feel discriminated against? No? If you do not want to feel discriminated against then stop "stop and frisk". "Stop and frisk" is a law that caused much trouble for the people of the United States and the people of planet earth. This law allows police and officers to stop blameless people and frisk them.
In the culture we live in today, we are bombarded with ideas and images of “what we should be”. We are expected and obligated to modify ourselves in order to live up to social expectations and to feel accepted by others. It is the fear of being an outcast that pressures us to mask our true identity. Therefore, in an American culture, one can form an identity and still remain true and authentic to oneself through nonconformity and self-reliance. Jon Krakauer’s novel Into the Wild portrays Chris McCandless’s journey of discovering his true identity through the idea of nonconformity.
Answer: (a): Market segmentation is the first step in defining and selecting a target market to pursue and penetrate. Basically, market segmentation is the process of splitting up an overall market into two or more groups/classes of consumers. Each group of consumers is called as a market segment. Each group (or market segment) should be similar in terms of certain characteristics or product/ service needs. In business world, market segmentation is considered to be a most important tool in enabling marketers to better meet customer needs and requirements.
Fingerprinting is method based on the uniqueness of the skin pattern - that is, each person has a completely individual pattern of papillary lines. These patterns do not change throughout life and have the property of recovering from damage to the skin in its previous form. On the one hand, this method almost completely eliminates the mistake, and on the other hand it is very cheap and easy to use (in contrast the method of identification of a person by DNA). Fingerprinting allows: 1) to identify the person who left the prints, according to the general and particular features of the papillary pattern displayed on them; 2) to exclude individual from among those who have touched the object; 3) to narrow the group of individuals suspected of the particular crime (for instance, provided that the imprint shows traces of a scar, a burn, a wart or some other distinctive feature).
For Examples which include, not only limited to fingerprint, iris recognition, retina, palm veins, palm print, face recognition, hand geometry, DNA, and odor/scent. The behavioral characteristics are not only related to the typing rhythm, gait and voice but also for the pattern of the limited behavior of a person. Some researchers have described that the different class of biometrics have more coined than the term behavior metrics.
A biometric safe uses one of many different techniques for determining that you are the safe owner. A common option is a safe that uses your fingerprints to determine your identity. Other options include voice recognition, face or iris recognition, or even your DNA. A safe that uses
Biometric face recognition technology has received significant attention in the past several years to use human face as a key to security. Both law enforcement and non-law enforcement are its application. Face recognition system comprises of two Categories: verification and identification. Face Verification is Done in 1:1 match ratio. It is utilized to looks at a face pictures against a Template face pictures, whose identity being claimed.
These concept is also known as STP (Segmentation, Targeting
According to TrackMaven, market segmentation is the process of dividing the market of potential customers into groups, or segments, based on different features. The created segment consists of consumers who will respond to the same marketing strategy and who share the nature of the same interests, needs, or locations. McDonald uses demographic segmentation as their main types of market segmentation. According to Sakshi Natani (2016), McDonald in Malaysia used mainly demographic segmentation, which divided in age, income, family-life cycle and social class.
• Geographic Segmentation Geographic segmentation is differentiation of markets by region of the country, city, country size, market density and climate. The company can use this segmentation to create a more accurate profile. Dutch Lady had made the geographic segmentation in the Urban and Suburban in Malaysia. People live in the city have more income than the people live in the countryside.