POST BIOPSY OBSERVATION
No specific monitoring is required following an uncomplicated biopsy procedure.
Most complications are known to occur within one hour of the procedure, therefore patient was kept in the hospital for at least one hour or longer if pneumothorax occurred. Chest radiographs are reviewed by radiologist.
Patient kept in supervised area so that staff could be alerted if they develop shortness of breath, chest pain or other symptoms within first hour.
If complications had developed, the clinical condition of the patient and their home circumstances were considered before deciding on further management.
RESULTS
65 patients of both sex and varying age group referred for CT guided lung FNACs to Radiology
The patient’s age ranged
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This can be due to Small study group comprising 65 patients, Irregular presence of onsite cytopathologist for supervision (11, 12), 4 patients were lost on follow up.
Therefore the presence of cytopathologist produces good diagnostic yield.
Incidence of complication due to the procedure of CT guided transthoracic fine-needle aspiration cytology of lung lesions.
The literature states the most common complication to be pneumothorax. In our study the incidence of pneumothorax is16% (11 cases) none of which required placement of chest drainage tubes. The incidence of pneumothorax in studies performed by Lee and Sagel13 is 23-43%, Dennie et al 14 is 22.9%, Simpson RW et al15 is 32%, Poe RH et al16 is 27%, Allison DJ6 is 24%, Swischuk JL et al10 is 26.9%, Miller JA et al12 is 7% and Counes DJ 17 is 18%.
The incidence of hemoptysis is 3% in our study which also correlates with Lee and Sagel13 and Simpson RW et al 15 studies where the incidence was < 5%.
CONCLUSION
CT guided FNAC is well recognized procedure with good efficacy for evaluation of pulmonary lesions with minimal risks of complications, most common being pneumothorax followed by
Although the left upper lobe lesion would be amenable to percutaneous CT guided biopsy, given his frail state, the preference from his family, including his son, who has medical power of attorney to minimise any invasive procedures, we elected not to pursue a tissue
RIce, T. W., & Bernard, G. R. (1998-2023). Institutional Review Board. American Thoracic Society.
Radiology technician Radiation exposure has been proven to be detrimental to both the patients’ health and the technicians. If exposed to too much radiation, it can eventually cause cancer. Radiation deals more with the patient since they are the ones being tested to see what is wrong and where the pain is coming from. The technicians are suppose to take all safety precautions to protect both themselves and the patients’.
Meckel Diverticulum Nuclear Scan A Meckel diverticulum nuclear scan (technetium-99m pertechnetate scan) is a procedure used to check for an abnormality on the lower part of the small intestine. This defect is called a Meckel diverticulum. It is a small area of swelling on the intestine wall that looks like a sac or pouch. The defect is present at birth (congenital) and usually does not cause any symptoms or problems.
As a result, these patients can’t bring the carbon dioxide out, they become retain the carbon dioxide which makes it so hard for them to breathe
There is also a necessity to avoid venous stasis in the legs that may cause a pulmonary embolus. Head drop is more prevalent during this final stage of the disease and the patient’s ability to breath is also compromised. Breathing complications may require the use of a suction machine to assist the patient. Physical therapy techniques should be used to assist cardiopulmonary distress. Techniques include repositioning the patient so the body is able to exchange oxygen and blood adequately.
Once the diagnosis of chylothorax is made by pleural fluid analysis, investigations should be performed to outline lymphatic vessels, identify the site of chyle leakage and finally to ascertain the cause of chylothorax. Imaging studies such as computerised tomography (CT) scans, lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy can be helpful. Lymphangiography implies the direct administration of an iodinated contrast agent into a cannulated lymph vessel.
It stands to reason that there were most likely more children in those hospitals who had asthma or other chronic respiratory diseases requiring spirometry evaluation but had not presented for the procedure. This highlights the fact that children may not be routinely referred on a regular basis for spirometry, as well as the likelihood that the need for spirometry in children is not well
Question 1: Airway: Patient’s airway is patent and protected, a lack of noisy breathing or stridor rules out partial obstruction, the ability to talk in full sentences rules out silent complete airway obstruction, and also indicates the patient is ventilating and oxygenating sufficiently (Robertson & Al-Haddad, 2013). Cardiogenic shock does not result in airway collapse, obstruction, or hypoventilation (Van Thielen & Price, 2010). High priority: monitor the patient’s level of consciousness and cognizance using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (Urden et al., 2014). The GCS measures consciousness by evaluating the patient’s ability to open their eyes, respond verbally, and perform motor tasks.
When taking care of a patient with a chest tube it is important to assess the patient lungs sound, breathing effectiveness by pulse oximetry and pain, if patient is in pain administered pain medication as prescribed. It is important for the nurse to educate the patient about deep breathing exercise, cough, and how to use an incentive spirometry. It is essential for the dressing to remain intact according to the Dr. order or per facility policy. The site needs to be monitored for any sign and symptoms of infection or excessive bleeding.
Bronchial Adenoma or known as bronchial cancer is something that can form in mucus glands, but also the trachea or bronchi of the lungs. The bronchial adenoma generally starts as a tumor like most cancers, but even though they are considered low-grade, they can spread and turn into lung cancer. It is quite uncommon because it spreads slower than lung cancer, and it usually spotted and removed before it becomes anything serious. The ways to check and see is if you have a chest x-ray, which is the least effective; you can also have a computed tomography (CT) scan which would be more effective because doctors have the ability to see how big the tumor is and if it’s reaching the lymph nodes, but the most effective would to have a magnetic resonance
A Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is usually an alternative to Carotid surgery (endarterectomy) because it carries a higher risk of stroke. However if an endarterectomy is not the best choice for the patient, a carotid angioplasty and stenting is done instead 9. A biopsy is another procedure done by interventional radiologists. A biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue so that it can be examined in a laboratory 10. There are a few different way a biopsy can be done, one way is a needle biopsy or percutaneous biopsy.
On the down side, if the patient has chest pain but their blood pressure is too low, (lower than
et al (1995), were conducted a prospective blind study to determine whether a difficult endotracheal intubation could be predicted preoperatively by evaluation of one or more anatomic features of the head in St. Elizabeth's Medical Center of Boston. A total of 471 patients (220 men and 251 women aged 18-89 year) were enrolled in the study. Sixty-two of them were found at laryngoscopy to have airways that were difficult to intubate (laryngoscopy Grade III or IV). There were no failed intubations. Assignment to oropharyngeal Class 3, a thyromental distance 18 yr, undergoing elective surgical procedures requiring tracheal intubation by assessing preoperatively with respect to the oropharyngeal (modified Mallampati) classification, thyromental and sternomental distances.
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Most lung cancer patients are associated with smoking. According to statistics, Small-cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of the lung carcinoma. The five year survival rate of SCLC is very low because most symptoms are developed until after the cancer has reached the advanced stage. Lung cancer are being diagnosed by Imaging and biopsy testing.