Bioremediation Research Paper
Bioremediation
-Yagya Chadha
According to the Cambridge Dictionary, the word ‘remediate’ means to correct something that is wrong or damaged or to improve a bad situation. Bioremediation, therefore, can be understood as the process of bringing about improvement in the state of a polluted environment by using biological systems. It is a method of controlling and to some extent, reversing the damage caused by pollution by using biotic agents.
The Definition
Bioremediation can be described as the breakdown of chemical pollutants by biological systems such as plants or microorganisms. The contaminants may either be removed or neutralized in the process. It can also be defined as the biotransformation of toxic wastes to harmless products. The products
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It can be applied to areas polluted by chemical wastes and can help in bringing them closer to their original, unpolluted state. However, in recent times, a new application of bioremediation has surfaced. Apart from being used at contaminated sites, it can also be used to neutralize contaminants before they are released into the environment i.e. during effluent treatment.
The rapid expansion and increasing sophistication of chemical industries has led to an increase in the amount of synthetic chemical wastes generated. Most industrial effluents contain at least one hazardous chemical pollutant. Since effluent treatment by physical and chemical methods is usually a costly affair, large industries are now looking at bioremediation as a cost-efficient method of effluent treatment or waste management.
The Types
Bioremediation may be performed in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation is carried out at the site of contamination whereas for ex situ bioremediation, the polluted substrate is transported to a suitable place.
Types of In situ Bioremediation
• Natural
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