Biosensor Literature Review
Literature Review
2.1 Biosensor
Biosensor is an analytical device used to convert biological respons into an electric signal. It involves the biological components such as microbes, enzyme, antibodies and DNA. In this case, enzyme utilize in the biological respons determine the biocatalytic activity in the process of converting enzyme-substrate into product. This typical biosensor usually have enzyme immobilized on the support system which attached to an electrode. Generally, biosensor consist of three phases which are receptor phase, transducer phase and signal amplifier phase. The enzyme recognized the specific substrate as the bioreceptor. It transfers the signal to transducer and give out signal interpretation, then the signal
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The example of conductive materials of carbon-based matrices are glassy carbon, graphite and nano-carbon or mixture of the element which have the electrical conductivity properties. The other material composed of insulator components group such as epoxy resin, silicone, polyurethane, metacrylate resin, Teflon and others. The insulator components are used to maintain the durability and resistance to electrical current toward the working medium (Alhadeff and Bojorge, 2011). Generally, biosensor used three-electrode system include working electode, auxillary electrode and reference electrode. Electrode which acts as auxillary platinum cathode undergoes reduction process where oxygen is reduced while Ag/AgCl works as reference electrode. Both electrode which covered with oxygen-permeable plastic membrane such as Teflon or polytetrafluoroethylene then dip into a solution containing electrolyte, saturated potassium chloride (Debnath, …show more content…
Potential voltage applied to the electrode produce current signal. Working electrode will monitor the flow of current in electrochemical measurement. The system include electrodes which usually made up of inert metal silver and platinum while the solvent composed of water salt and mediator that allow the electrolyte dissolve and help the flow of current. Typically, electrochemical inert salt used are NaCl or KCl. The usual mediator being used is potassium hexacyanoferrate. This mediator initiates the flow current in electrochemical system and also known act as an oxidants (Pam et al.,
Nt1310 Unit 9 Lab Report
405 Words | 2 PagesConsequently, it induces second element to be oxidized. 2. In the experiment #3, zinc electrode acts as anode, where the oxidation processes occur, while iron half-cell acts as cathode, where the reduction processes appear. In the experiment #4, iron is visa verse reducing agent that evicts electrons to copper half-cell through the circuit.
Unknown White Compound Lab Report
824 Words | 4 Pagesgrams of the compound into 50 mL of distilled water and then “swirling” the mixture to dissolve the compound. Once all of the solutions were created, the nichrome wire must be cleaned. This was done by rinsing it with distilled water and then burning it in the flame. Next, each aqueous solution was burned and the results were recorded. In between each test, however, the nichrome wire was cleaned again.
Enzyme Lab
901 Words | 4 PagesThe enzymeʼs have an active site that allows only certain substances to bind, they do this by having an enzyme and substrate that fit together perfectly. If the enzyme shape is changed then the binding
Horseradish Peroxidase Lab Report
1090 Words | 5 PagesThe products are released from the enzyme surface to regenerate the enzyme for another reaction cycle. The active site has a unique geometric shape that is complementary to the shape of a substrate molecule, similar to the fit of puzzle pieces.
Cane Toad Research Paper
1468 Words | 6 PagesPoisonous Animals The cane toad is an invasive species that came from Hawaii to Australia to eat the cane beetles. The cane beetles were causing a big problem as they were eating Australia’s sugar cane. Once introduced to Australia, the cane toad multiplied until its numbers reached up to 200 million. The toad eats snakes and lizards.
Enzyme Turnip Peroxidase Lab Report
1117 Words | 5 Pages1 “substrate” and another “ enzyme.” Instead of using the distilled water, this time you are going to use different pH buffer in the enzyme test tube. In the substrate tube, add 7 mL of distilled water, 0.3 mL of hydrogen peroxide, and 0.2 mL of guaiacol for a total volume of 7.5 mL. For the enzyme tube, instead of distilled water add the pH solution (3) and 1.5 mL of peroxidase which equals a total volume of 7.5 mL. Use the dH2O syringe for our pH solution. To clean the syringe, flush it by drawing 6 mL of distilled water.
Unknown White Compound Lab Report
1367 Words | 6 PagesNext, a 10 mL beaker is filled with 3 mL of HCl and measure 10 mL of ionized water into a 140 mL beaker. Carefully turn on laboratory burner and start cleaning the Nichrome wire by dipping it into concentrated HCl acid. Hold the Nichrome wire on top of the flame and repeat the step until the wire doesn 't show any color. When the wire is clean, dip the wire again with some of the acid and dip it into the solution with the unknown compound in it. Place the wire back into the flame again and observe the color of the flame.
Enzyme Fast Lab
485 Words | 2 PagesExplain why the enzyme is still active even though the liver cells from which you obtained the enzyme were no longer living? Because it is still a
Unknown Compounds
1027 Words | 5 PagesThe solution contained .500+-.0005g of KNO3 dissolved in 20+-.5 mL of water in a 40 mL beaker. The probe recorded the conductivity of potassium
B-Galactosidase Lab Report
1764 Words | 8 Pages1.1 Abstract The purpose of quantitative analysis of protein using a spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of proteins in a given sample. The experiment is conducted by laboratory method (Biuret Test) and using spectrophotometer to analyze the absorbance of reactants at 540 nm, hence determining the concentration of the proteins in a given sample. The purpose of stopped enzyme assay to study B-galactosidase is to determine the effect of temperature and concentrations of substrate on enzyme activity.
The Biological Temperature Of Catalase
750 Words | 3 PagesIntroduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of a reaction without being chemically changed. Enzymes are globular proteins that contain an active site. A specific substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme chemically and structurally (4). Enzymes also increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy for that reaction which is the minimum energy required for the reaction to take place (3). Multiple factors affect the activity of an enzyme (1).
Michaelis Menten Model Lab Report
943 Words | 4 PagesBy observing figure 3, the more enzyme that is available, the faster the reaction rate is. The optimal enzyme concentration was chosen based on the R2 values from figure 2. The highest observable rate also had the best R2 number, which was closest to one. This enzyme concentration was used in part 2.
Effect Of Enzyme Concentration On Enzyme Reaction
1046 Words | 5 PagesThey can only quicken reactions that will eventually occur, but this enables the cell to have a productive metabolism, routing chemicals through metabolic pathways. Enzymes are very specific for the reactions they catalyze; they make sure the chemical processes go in the cell at any given time. Peroxidase was the enzyme being testing in this experiment. A peroxidase is an enzyme that acts as catalysts, which occurs in biological systems. Peroxidase is found in plants, which they play a role in helping to minimize damage caused by stress factors or insect pests.
Electrolysis In Chemistry Ia
2800 Words | 12 PagesChemistry IA Background information: Introduction: Electrolysis it’s a chemical process that when you pass an electric current into a solution or a liquid that contains ions to separate substances back to their original form. The main components that are required for electrolysis to take a place are: Electrolyte: it’s a substance that when dissolved in water it ionize and then it will contain free moving ions and without these moving ions the process of electrolysis won’t take place. Direct current (DC): This current provides the energy needed to discharge the ions in the electrolyte Electrodes: it’s an object that conducts electricity and it’s used in electrolysis as a bridge between the solution and power supply. A great example
Analysis Of Phosphoriic Acid In Soft Drinks
1982 Words | 8 PagesFor this, 25 mL of pH 4 and pH 7 buffers were taken in 50 mL or 100 mL beakers. The buffer solutions were saved in case the electrode needed to be re-calibrated later on. The potassium acid phthalate solution was titrated with 0.1 M NaOH.
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